civetweb/mongoose.c

// Copyright (c) 2004-2012 Sergey Lyubka
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.

#if defined(_WIN32)
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS // Disable deprecation warning in VS2005
#else
#ifdef __linux__
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600     // For flockfile() on Linux
#endif
#define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE     // Enable 64-bit file offsets
#define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS  // <inttypes.h> wants this for C++
#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS   // C++ wants that for INT64_MAX
#endif

#if defined (_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning (disable : 4127)    // conditional expression is constant: introduced by FD_SET(..)
#pragma warning (disable : 4204)    // non-constant aggregate initializer: issued due to missing C99 support
#endif

// Disable WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN.
// This makes windows.h always include winsock2.h
#ifdef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#undef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#endif

#if defined(__SYMBIAN32__)
#define NO_SSL // SSL is not supported
#define NO_CGI // CGI is not supported
#define PATH_MAX FILENAME_MAX
#endif // __SYMBIAN32__

#ifndef _WIN32_WCE // Some ANSI #includes are not available on Windows CE
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#endif // !_WIN32_WCE

#include <time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__SYMBIAN32__) // Windows specific
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0400 // To make it link in VS2005
#include <windows.h>

#ifndef PATH_MAX
#define PATH_MAX MAX_PATH
#endif

#ifndef _WIN32_WCE
#include <process.h>
#include <direct.h>
#include <io.h>
#else // _WIN32_WCE
#define NO_CGI // WinCE has no pipes

typedef long off_t;

#define errno   GetLastError()
#define strerror(x)  _ultoa(x, (char *) _alloca(sizeof(x) *3 ), 10)
#endif // _WIN32_WCE

#define MAKEUQUAD(lo, hi) ((uint64_t)(((uint32_t)(lo)) | \
      ((uint64_t)((uint32_t)(hi))) << 32))
#define RATE_DIFF 10000000 // 100 nsecs
#define EPOCH_DIFF MAKEUQUAD(0xd53e8000, 0x019db1de)
#define SYS2UNIX_TIME(lo, hi) \
  (time_t) ((MAKEUQUAD((lo), (hi)) - EPOCH_DIFF) / RATE_DIFF)

// Visual Studio 6 does not know __func__ or __FUNCTION__
// The rest of MS compilers use __FUNCTION__, not C99 __func__
// Also use _strtoui64 on modern M$ compilers
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300
#define STRX(x) #x
#define STR(x) STRX(x)
#define __func__ "line " STR(__LINE__)
#define strtoull(x, y, z) strtoul(x, y, z)
#define strtoll(x, y, z) strtol(x, y, z)
#else
#define __func__  __FUNCTION__
#define strtoull(x, y, z) _strtoui64(x, y, z)
#define strtoll(x, y, z) _strtoi64(x, y, z)
#endif // _MSC_VER

#define ERRNO   GetLastError()
#define NO_SOCKLEN_T
#define SSL_LIB   "ssleay32.dll"
#define CRYPTO_LIB  "libeay32.dll"
#define O_NONBLOCK  0
#if !defined(EWOULDBLOCK)
#define EWOULDBLOCK  WSAEWOULDBLOCK
#endif // !EWOULDBLOCK
#define _POSIX_
#define INT64_FMT  "I64d"

#define WINCDECL __cdecl
#define SHUT_WR 1
#define snprintf _snprintf
#define vsnprintf _vsnprintf
#define mg_sleep(x) Sleep(x)

#define pipe(x) _pipe(x, MG_BUF_LEN, _O_BINARY)
#define popen(x, y) _popen(x, y)
#define pclose(x) _pclose(x)
#define close(x) _close(x)
#define dlsym(x,y) GetProcAddress((HINSTANCE) (x), (y))
#define RTLD_LAZY  0
#define fseeko(x, y, z) _lseeki64(_fileno(x), (y), (z))
#define fdopen(x, y) _fdopen((x), (y))
#define write(x, y, z) _write((x), (y), (unsigned) z)
#define read(x, y, z) _read((x), (y), (unsigned) z)
#define flockfile(x) EnterCriticalSection(&global_log_file_lock)
#define funlockfile(x) LeaveCriticalSection(&global_log_file_lock)
#define sleep(x) Sleep((x) * 1000)

#if !defined(fileno)
#define fileno(x) _fileno(x)
#endif // !fileno MINGW #defines fileno

typedef HANDLE pthread_mutex_t;
typedef struct {HANDLE signal, broadcast;} pthread_cond_t;
typedef DWORD pthread_t;
#define pid_t HANDLE // MINGW typedefs pid_t to int. Using #define here.

static int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *);
static int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *);

static void to_unicode(const char *path, wchar_t *wbuf, size_t wbuf_len);

struct file;
static char *mg_fgets(char *buf, size_t size, struct file *filep, char **p);

#if defined(HAVE_STDINT)
#include <stdint.h>
#else
typedef unsigned int  uint32_t;
typedef unsigned short  uint16_t;
typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
typedef __int64   int64_t;
#define INT64_MAX  9223372036854775807
#endif // HAVE_STDINT

// POSIX dirent interface
struct dirent {
  char d_name[PATH_MAX];
};

typedef struct DIR {
  HANDLE   handle;
  WIN32_FIND_DATAW info;
  struct dirent  result;
} DIR;

// Mark required libraries
#pragma comment(lib, "Ws2_32.lib")

#else    // UNIX  specific
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <netdb.h>

#include <pwd.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#if !defined(NO_SSL_DL) && !defined(NO_SSL)
#include <dlfcn.h>
#endif
#include <pthread.h>
#if defined(__MACH__)
#define SSL_LIB   "libssl.dylib"
#define CRYPTO_LIB  "libcrypto.dylib"
#else
#if !defined(SSL_LIB)
#define SSL_LIB   "libssl.so"
#endif
#if !defined(CRYPTO_LIB)
#define CRYPTO_LIB  "libcrypto.so"
#endif
#endif
#ifndef O_BINARY
#define O_BINARY  0
#endif // O_BINARY
#define closesocket(a) close(a)
#define mg_mkdir(x, y) mkdir(x, y)
#define mg_remove(x) remove(x)
#define mg_rename(x, y) rename(x, y)
#define mg_sleep(x) usleep((x) * 1000)
#define ERRNO errno
#define INVALID_SOCKET (-1)
#define INT64_FMT PRId64
typedef int SOCKET;
#define WINCDECL

#endif // End of Windows and UNIX specific includes

#include "mongoose.h"

#ifdef USE_LUA
#include <lua.h>
#include <lauxlib.h>
#endif

#define MONGOOSE_VERSION "3.4"
#define PASSWORDS_FILE_NAME ".htpasswd"
#define CGI_ENVIRONMENT_SIZE 4096
#define MAX_CGI_ENVIR_VARS 64
#define MG_BUF_LEN 8192
#define MAX_REQUEST_SIZE 16384
#define ARRAY_SIZE(array) (sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]))

#ifdef _WIN32
static CRITICAL_SECTION global_log_file_lock;
static pthread_t pthread_self(void) {
  return GetCurrentThreadId();
}
#endif // _WIN32

#ifdef DEBUG_TRACE
#undef DEBUG_TRACE
#define DEBUG_TRACE(x)
#else
#if defined(DEBUG)
#define DEBUG_TRACE(x) do { \
  flockfile(stdout); \
  printf("*** %lu.%p.%s.%d: ", \
         (unsigned long) time(NULL), (void *) pthread_self(), \
         __func__, __LINE__); \
  printf x; \
  putchar('\n'); \
  fflush(stdout); \
  funlockfile(stdout); \
} while (0)
#else
#define DEBUG_TRACE(x)
#endif // DEBUG
#endif // DEBUG_TRACE

// Darwin prior to 7.0 and Win32 do not have socklen_t
#ifdef NO_SOCKLEN_T
typedef int socklen_t;
#endif // NO_SOCKLEN_T
#define _DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT

#if !defined(MSG_NOSIGNAL)
#define MSG_NOSIGNAL 0
#endif

#if !defined(SOMAXCONN)
#define SOMAXCONN 100
#endif

#if !defined(PATH_MAX)
#define PATH_MAX 4096
#endif

static const char *http_500_error = "Internal Server Error";

// Snatched from OpenSSL includes. I put the prototypes here to be independent
// from the OpenSSL source installation. Having this, mongoose + SSL can be
// built on any system with binary SSL libraries installed.
typedef struct ssl_st SSL;
typedef struct ssl_method_st SSL_METHOD;
typedef struct ssl_ctx_st SSL_CTX;

#define SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ 2
#define SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE 3
#define SSL_FILETYPE_PEM 1
#define CRYPTO_LOCK  1

#if defined(NO_SSL_DL)
extern void SSL_free(SSL *);
extern int SSL_accept(SSL *);
extern int SSL_connect(SSL *);
extern int SSL_read(SSL *, void *, int);
extern int SSL_write(SSL *, const void *, int);
extern int SSL_get_error(const SSL *, int);
extern int SSL_set_fd(SSL *, int);
extern int SSL_pending(SSL *);
extern SSL *SSL_new(SSL_CTX *);
extern SSL_CTX *SSL_CTX_new(SSL_METHOD *);
extern SSL_METHOD *SSLv23_server_method(void);
extern SSL_METHOD *SSLv23_client_method(void);
extern int SSL_library_init(void);
extern void SSL_load_error_strings(void);
extern int SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(SSL_CTX *, const char *, int);
extern int SSL_CTX_use_certificate_file(SSL_CTX *, const char *, int);
extern int SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file(SSL_CTX *, const char *);
extern void SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb(SSL_CTX *, mg_callback_t);
extern void SSL_CTX_free(SSL_CTX *);
extern unsigned long ERR_get_error(void);
extern char *ERR_error_string(unsigned long, char *);
extern int CRYPTO_num_locks(void);
extern void CRYPTO_set_locking_callback(void (*)(int, int, const char *, int));
extern void CRYPTO_set_id_callback(unsigned long (*)(void));
#else
// Dynamically loaded SSL functionality
struct ssl_func {
  const char *name;   // SSL function name
  void  (*ptr)(void); // Function pointer
};

#define SSL_free (* (void (*)(SSL *)) ssl_sw[0].ptr)
#define SSL_accept (* (int (*)(SSL *)) ssl_sw[1].ptr)
#define SSL_connect (* (int (*)(SSL *)) ssl_sw[2].ptr)
#define SSL_read (* (int (*)(SSL *, void *, int)) ssl_sw[3].ptr)
#define SSL_write (* (int (*)(SSL *, const void *,int)) ssl_sw[4].ptr)
#define SSL_get_error (* (int (*)(SSL *, int)) ssl_sw[5].ptr)
#define SSL_set_fd (* (int (*)(SSL *, SOCKET)) ssl_sw[6].ptr)
#define SSL_new (* (SSL * (*)(SSL_CTX *)) ssl_sw[7].ptr)
#define SSL_CTX_new (* (SSL_CTX * (*)(SSL_METHOD *)) ssl_sw[8].ptr)
#define SSLv23_server_method (* (SSL_METHOD * (*)(void)) ssl_sw[9].ptr)
#define SSL_library_init (* (int (*)(void)) ssl_sw[10].ptr)
#define SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file (* (int (*)(SSL_CTX *, \
        const char *, int)) ssl_sw[11].ptr)
#define SSL_CTX_use_certificate_file (* (int (*)(SSL_CTX *, \
        const char *, int)) ssl_sw[12].ptr)
#define SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb \
  (* (void (*)(SSL_CTX *, mg_callback_t)) ssl_sw[13].ptr)
#define SSL_CTX_free (* (void (*)(SSL_CTX *)) ssl_sw[14].ptr)
#define SSL_load_error_strings (* (void (*)(void)) ssl_sw[15].ptr)
#define SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file \
  (* (int (*)(SSL_CTX *, const char *)) ssl_sw[16].ptr)
#define SSLv23_client_method (* (SSL_METHOD * (*)(void)) ssl_sw[17].ptr)
#define SSL_pending (* (int (*)(SSL *)) ssl_sw[18].ptr)

#define CRYPTO_num_locks (* (int (*)(void)) crypto_sw[0].ptr)
#define CRYPTO_set_locking_callback \
  (* (void (*)(void (*)(int, int, const char *, int))) crypto_sw[1].ptr)
#define CRYPTO_set_id_callback \
  (* (void (*)(unsigned long (*)(void))) crypto_sw[2].ptr)
#define ERR_get_error (* (unsigned long (*)(void)) crypto_sw[3].ptr)
#define ERR_error_string (* (char * (*)(unsigned long,char *)) crypto_sw[4].ptr)

// set_ssl_option() function updates this array.
// It loads SSL library dynamically and changes NULLs to the actual addresses
// of respective functions. The macros above (like SSL_connect()) are really
// just calling these functions indirectly via the pointer.
static struct ssl_func ssl_sw[] = {
  {"SSL_free",   NULL},
  {"SSL_accept",   NULL},
  {"SSL_connect",   NULL},
  {"SSL_read",   NULL},
  {"SSL_write",   NULL},
  {"SSL_get_error",  NULL},
  {"SSL_set_fd",   NULL},
  {"SSL_new",   NULL},
  {"SSL_CTX_new",   NULL},
  {"SSLv23_server_method", NULL},
  {"SSL_library_init",  NULL},
  {"SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file", NULL},
  {"SSL_CTX_use_certificate_file",NULL},
  {"SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb",NULL},
  {"SSL_CTX_free",  NULL},
  {"SSL_load_error_strings", NULL},
  {"SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file", NULL},
  {"SSLv23_client_method", NULL},
  {"SSL_pending", NULL},
  {NULL,    NULL}
};

// Similar array as ssl_sw. These functions could be located in different lib.
#if !defined(NO_SSL)
static struct ssl_func crypto_sw[] = {
  {"CRYPTO_num_locks",  NULL},
  {"CRYPTO_set_locking_callback", NULL},
  {"CRYPTO_set_id_callback", NULL},
  {"ERR_get_error",  NULL},
  {"ERR_error_string", NULL},
  {NULL,    NULL}
};
#endif // NO_SSL
#endif // NO_SSL_DL

static const char *month_names[] = {
  "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
  "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"
};

// Unified socket address. For IPv6 support, add IPv6 address structure
// in the union u.
union usa {
  struct sockaddr sa;
  struct sockaddr_in sin;
#if defined(USE_IPV6)
  struct sockaddr_in6 sin6;
#endif
};

// Describes a string (chunk of memory).
struct vec {
  const char *ptr;
  size_t len;
};

struct file {
  int is_directory;
  time_t modification_time;
  int64_t size;
  FILE *fp;
  const char *membuf;   // Non-NULL if file data is in memory
};
#define STRUCT_FILE_INITIALIZER {0, 0, 0, NULL, NULL}

// Describes listening socket, or socket which was accept()-ed by the master
// thread and queued for future handling by the worker thread.
struct socket {
  struct socket *next;  // Linkage
  SOCKET sock;          // Listening socket
  union usa lsa;        // Local socket address
  union usa rsa;        // Remote socket address
  int is_ssl;           // Is socket SSL-ed
};

// NOTE(lsm): this enum shoulds be in sync with the config_options below.
enum {
  CGI_EXTENSIONS, CGI_ENVIRONMENT, PUT_DELETE_PASSWORDS_FILE, CGI_INTERPRETER,
  PROTECT_URI, AUTHENTICATION_DOMAIN, SSI_EXTENSIONS, THROTTLE,
  ACCESS_LOG_FILE, ENABLE_DIRECTORY_LISTING, ERROR_LOG_FILE,
  GLOBAL_PASSWORDS_FILE, INDEX_FILES, ENABLE_KEEP_ALIVE, ACCESS_CONTROL_LIST,
  EXTRA_MIME_TYPES, LISTENING_PORTS, DOCUMENT_ROOT, SSL_CERTIFICATE,
  NUM_THREADS, RUN_AS_USER, REWRITE, HIDE_FILES,
  NUM_OPTIONS
};

static const char *config_options[] = {
  "C", "cgi_pattern", "**.cgi$|**.pl$|**.php$",
  "E", "cgi_environment", NULL,
  "G", "put_delete_passwords_file", NULL,
  "I", "cgi_interpreter", NULL,
  "P", "protect_uri", NULL,
  "R", "authentication_domain", "mydomain.com",
  "S", "ssi_pattern", "**.shtml$|**.shtm$",
  "T", "throttle", NULL,
  "a", "access_log_file", NULL,
  "d", "enable_directory_listing", "yes",
  "e", "error_log_file", NULL,
  "g", "global_passwords_file", NULL,
  "i", "index_files", "index.html,index.htm,index.cgi,index.shtml,index.php",
  "k", "enable_keep_alive", "no",
  "l", "access_control_list", NULL,
  "m", "extra_mime_types", NULL,
  "p", "listening_ports", "8080",
  "r", "document_root",  ".",
  "s", "ssl_certificate", NULL,
  "t", "num_threads", "20",
  "u", "run_as_user", NULL,
  "w", "url_rewrite_patterns", NULL,
  "x", "hide_files_patterns", NULL,
  NULL
};
#define ENTRIES_PER_CONFIG_OPTION 3

struct mg_context {
  volatile int stop_flag;       // Should we stop event loop
  SSL_CTX *ssl_ctx;             // SSL context
  SSL_CTX *client_ssl_ctx;      // Client SSL context
  char *config[NUM_OPTIONS];    // Mongoose configuration parameters
  mg_callback_t user_callback;  // User-defined callback function
  void *user_data;              // User-defined data

  struct socket *listening_sockets;

  volatile int num_threads;  // Number of threads
  pthread_mutex_t mutex;     // Protects (max|num)_threads
  pthread_cond_t  cond;      // Condvar for tracking workers terminations

  struct socket queue[20];   // Accepted sockets
  volatile int sq_head;      // Head of the socket queue
  volatile int sq_tail;      // Tail of the socket queue
  pthread_cond_t sq_full;    // Signaled when socket is produced
  pthread_cond_t sq_empty;   // Signaled when socket is consumed
};

struct mg_connection {
  struct mg_request_info request_info;
  struct mg_context *ctx;
  SSL *ssl;                   // SSL descriptor
  struct socket client;       // Connected client
  time_t birth_time;          // Time when request was received
  int64_t num_bytes_sent;     // Total bytes sent to client
  int64_t content_len;        // Content-Length header value
  int64_t consumed_content;   // How many bytes of content have been read
  char *buf;                  // Buffer for received data
  char *path_info;            // PATH_INFO part of the URL
  int must_close;             // 1 if connection must be closed
  int buf_size;               // Buffer size
  int request_len;            // Size of the request + headers in a buffer
  int data_len;               // Total size of data in a buffer
  int status_code;            // HTTP reply status code, e.g. 200
  int throttle;               // Throttling, bytes/sec. <= 0 means no throttle
  time_t last_throttle_time;  // Last time throttled data was sent
  int64_t last_throttle_bytes;// Bytes sent this second
};

const char **mg_get_valid_option_names(void) {
  return config_options;
}

static void *call_user(struct mg_connection *conn, enum mg_event event) {
  if (conn != NULL && conn->ctx != NULL) {
    conn->request_info.user_data = conn->ctx->user_data;
  }
  return conn == NULL || conn->ctx == NULL || conn->ctx->user_callback == NULL ?
    NULL : conn->ctx->user_callback(event, conn);
}

static int is_file_in_memory(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *path,
                             struct file *filep) {
  conn->request_info.ev_data = (void *) path;
  if ((filep->membuf = call_user(conn, MG_OPEN_FILE)) != NULL) {
    filep->size = (long) conn->request_info.ev_data;
  }
  return filep->membuf != NULL;
}

static int is_file_opened(const struct file *filep) {
  return filep->membuf != NULL || filep->fp != NULL;
}

static int mg_fopen(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *path,
                    const char *mode, struct file *filep) {
  if (!is_file_in_memory(conn, path, filep)) {
#ifdef _WIN32
    wchar_t wbuf[PATH_MAX], wmode[20];
    to_unicode(path, wbuf, ARRAY_SIZE(wbuf));
    MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, mode, -1, wmode, ARRAY_SIZE(wmode));
    filep->fp = _wfopen(wbuf, wmode);
#else
    filep->fp = fopen(path, mode);
#endif
  }

  return is_file_opened(filep);
}

static void mg_fclose(struct file *filep) {
  if (filep != NULL && filep->fp != NULL) {
    fclose(filep->fp);
  }
}

static int get_option_index(const char *name) {
  int i;

  for (i = 0; config_options[i] != NULL; i += ENTRIES_PER_CONFIG_OPTION) {
    if (strcmp(config_options[i], name) == 0 ||
        strcmp(config_options[i + 1], name) == 0) {
      return i / ENTRIES_PER_CONFIG_OPTION;
    }
  }
  return -1;
}

const char *mg_get_option(const struct mg_context *ctx, const char *name) {
  int i;
  if ((i = get_option_index(name)) == -1) {
    return NULL;
  } else if (ctx->config[i] == NULL) {
    return "";
  } else {
    return ctx->config[i];
  }
}

static void sockaddr_to_string(char *buf, size_t len,
                                     const union usa *usa) {
  buf[0] = '\0';
#if defined(USE_IPV6)
  inet_ntop(usa->sa.sa_family, usa->sa.sa_family == AF_INET ?
            (void *) &usa->sin.sin_addr :
            (void *) &usa->sin6.sin6_addr, buf, len);
#elif defined(_WIN32)
  // Only Windoze Vista (and newer) have inet_ntop()
  strncpy(buf, inet_ntoa(usa->sin.sin_addr), len);
#else
  inet_ntop(usa->sa.sa_family, (void *) &usa->sin.sin_addr, buf, len);
#endif
}

static void cry(struct mg_connection *conn,
                PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING(const char *fmt), ...) PRINTF_ARGS(2, 3);

// Print error message to the opened error log stream.
static void cry(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *fmt, ...) {
  char buf[MG_BUF_LEN], src_addr[20];
  va_list ap;
  FILE *fp;
  time_t timestamp;

  va_start(ap, fmt);
  (void) vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
  va_end(ap);

  // Do not lock when getting the callback value, here and below.
  // I suppose this is fine, since function cannot disappear in the
  // same way string option can.
  conn->request_info.ev_data = buf;
  if (call_user(conn, MG_EVENT_LOG) == NULL) {
    fp = conn->ctx == NULL || conn->ctx->config[ERROR_LOG_FILE] == NULL ? NULL :
      fopen(conn->ctx->config[ERROR_LOG_FILE], "a+");

    if (fp != NULL) {
      flockfile(fp);
      timestamp = time(NULL);

      sockaddr_to_string(src_addr, sizeof(src_addr), &conn->client.rsa);
      fprintf(fp, "[%010lu] [error] [client %s] ", (unsigned long) timestamp,
              src_addr);

      if (conn->request_info.request_method != NULL) {
        fprintf(fp, "%s %s: ", conn->request_info.request_method,
                conn->request_info.uri);
      }

      fprintf(fp, "%s", buf);
      fputc('\n', fp);
      funlockfile(fp);
      fclose(fp);
    }
  }
  conn->request_info.ev_data = NULL;
}

// Return fake connection structure. Used for logging, if connection
// is not applicable at the moment of logging.
static struct mg_connection *fc(struct mg_context *ctx) {
  static struct mg_connection fake_connection;
  fake_connection.ctx = ctx;
  return &fake_connection;
}

const char *mg_version(void) {
  return MONGOOSE_VERSION;
}

struct mg_request_info *mg_get_request_info(struct mg_connection *conn) {
  return &conn->request_info;
}

static void mg_strlcpy(register char *dst, register const char *src, size_t n) {
  for (; *src != '\0' && n > 1; n--) {
    *dst++ = *src++;
  }
  *dst = '\0';
}

static int lowercase(const char *s) {
  return tolower(* (const unsigned char *) s);
}

static int mg_strncasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t len) {
  int diff = 0;

  if (len > 0)
    do {
      diff = lowercase(s1++) - lowercase(s2++);
    } while (diff == 0 && s1[-1] != '\0' && --len > 0);

  return diff;
}

static int mg_strcasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2) {
  int diff;

  do {
    diff = lowercase(s1++) - lowercase(s2++);
  } while (diff == 0 && s1[-1] != '\0');

  return diff;
}

static char * mg_strndup(const char *ptr, size_t len) {
  char *p;

  if ((p = (char *) malloc(len + 1)) != NULL) {
    mg_strlcpy(p, ptr, len + 1);
  }

  return p;
}

static char * mg_strdup(const char *str) {
  return mg_strndup(str, strlen(str));
}

// Like snprintf(), but never returns negative value, or a value
// that is larger than a supplied buffer.
// Thanks to Adam Zeldis to pointing snprintf()-caused vulnerability
// in his audit report.
static int mg_vsnprintf(struct mg_connection *conn, char *buf, size_t buflen,
                        const char *fmt, va_list ap) {
  int n;

  if (buflen == 0)
    return 0;

  n = vsnprintf(buf, buflen, fmt, ap);

  if (n < 0) {
    cry(conn, "vsnprintf error");
    n = 0;
  } else if (n >= (int) buflen) {
    cry(conn, "truncating vsnprintf buffer: [%.*s]",
        n > 200 ? 200 : n, buf);
    n = (int) buflen - 1;
  }
  buf[n] = '\0';

  return n;
}

static int mg_snprintf(struct mg_connection *conn, char *buf, size_t buflen,
                       PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING(const char *fmt), ...)
  PRINTF_ARGS(4, 5);

static int mg_snprintf(struct mg_connection *conn, char *buf, size_t buflen,
                       const char *fmt, ...) {
  va_list ap;
  int n;

  va_start(ap, fmt);
  n = mg_vsnprintf(conn, buf, buflen, fmt, ap);
  va_end(ap);

  return n;
}

// Skip the characters until one of the delimiters characters found.
// 0-terminate resulting word. Skip the delimiter and following whitespaces.
// Advance pointer to buffer to the next word. Return found 0-terminated word.
// Delimiters can be quoted with quotechar.
static char *skip_quoted(char **buf, const char *delimiters,
                         const char *whitespace, char quotechar) {
  char *p, *begin_word, *end_word, *end_whitespace;

  begin_word = *buf;
  end_word = begin_word + strcspn(begin_word, delimiters);

  // Check for quotechar
  if (end_word > begin_word) {
    p = end_word - 1;
    while (*p == quotechar) {
      // If there is anything beyond end_word, copy it
      if (*end_word == '\0') {
        *p = '\0';
        break;
      } else {
        size_t end_off = strcspn(end_word + 1, delimiters);
        memmove (p, end_word, end_off + 1);
        p += end_off; // p must correspond to end_word - 1
        end_word += end_off + 1;
      }
    }
    for (p++; p < end_word; p++) {
      *p = '\0';
    }
  }

  if (*end_word == '\0') {
    *buf = end_word;
  } else {
    end_whitespace = end_word + 1 + strspn(end_word + 1, whitespace);

    for (p = end_word; p < end_whitespace; p++) {
      *p = '\0';
    }

    *buf = end_whitespace;
  }

  return begin_word;
}

// Simplified version of skip_quoted without quote char
// and whitespace == delimiters
static char *skip(char **buf, const char *delimiters) {
  return skip_quoted(buf, delimiters, delimiters, 0);
}


// Return HTTP header value, or NULL if not found.
static const char *get_header(const struct mg_request_info *ri,
                              const char *name) {
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i < ri->num_headers; i++)
    if (!mg_strcasecmp(name, ri->http_headers[i].name))
      return ri->http_headers[i].value;

  return NULL;
}

const char *mg_get_header(const struct mg_connection *conn, const char *name) {
  return get_header(&conn->request_info, name);
}

// A helper function for traversing a comma separated list of values.
// It returns a list pointer shifted to the next value, or NULL if the end
// of the list found.
// Value is stored in val vector. If value has form "x=y", then eq_val
// vector is initialized to point to the "y" part, and val vector length
// is adjusted to point only to "x".
static const char *next_option(const char *list, struct vec *val,
                               struct vec *eq_val) {
  if (list == NULL || *list == '\0') {
    // End of the list
    list = NULL;
  } else {
    val->ptr = list;
    if ((list = strchr(val->ptr, ',')) != NULL) {
      // Comma found. Store length and shift the list ptr
      val->len = list - val->ptr;
      list++;
    } else {
      // This value is the last one
      list = val->ptr + strlen(val->ptr);
      val->len = list - val->ptr;
    }

    if (eq_val != NULL) {
      // Value has form "x=y", adjust pointers and lengths
      // so that val points to "x", and eq_val points to "y".
      eq_val->len = 0;
      eq_val->ptr = (const char *) memchr(val->ptr, '=', val->len);
      if (eq_val->ptr != NULL) {
        eq_val->ptr++;  // Skip over '=' character
        eq_val->len = val->ptr + val->len - eq_val->ptr;
        val->len = (eq_val->ptr - val->ptr) - 1;
      }
    }
  }

  return list;
}

static int match_prefix(const char *pattern, int pattern_len, const char *str) {
  const char *or_str;
  int i, j, len, res;

  if ((or_str = (const char *) memchr(pattern, '|', pattern_len)) != NULL) {
    res = match_prefix(pattern, or_str - pattern, str);
    return res > 0 ? res :
        match_prefix(or_str + 1, (pattern + pattern_len) - (or_str + 1), str);
  }

  i = j = 0;
  res = -1;
  for (; i < pattern_len; i++, j++) {
    if (pattern[i] == '?' && str[j] != '\0') {
      continue;
    } else if (pattern[i] == '$') {
      return str[j] == '\0' ? j : -1;
    } else if (pattern[i] == '*') {
      i++;
      if (pattern[i] == '*') {
        i++;
        len = (int) strlen(str + j);
      } else {
        len = (int) strcspn(str + j, "/");
      }
      if (i == pattern_len) {
        return j + len;
      }
      do {
        res = match_prefix(pattern + i, pattern_len - i, str + j + len);
      } while (res == -1 && len-- > 0);
      return res == -1 ? -1 : j + res + len;
    } else if (pattern[i] != str[j]) {
      return -1;
    }
  }
  return j;
}

// HTTP 1.1 assumes keep alive if "Connection:" header is not set
// This function must tolerate situations when connection info is not
// set up, for example if request parsing failed.
static int should_keep_alive(const struct mg_connection *conn) {
  const char *http_version = conn->request_info.http_version;
  const char *header = mg_get_header(conn, "Connection");
  if (conn->must_close ||
      conn->status_code == 401 ||
      mg_strcasecmp(conn->ctx->config[ENABLE_KEEP_ALIVE], "yes") != 0 ||
      (header != NULL && mg_strcasecmp(header, "keep-alive") != 0) ||
      (header == NULL && http_version && strcmp(http_version, "1.1"))) {
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}

static const char *suggest_connection_header(const struct mg_connection *conn) {
  return should_keep_alive(conn) ? "keep-alive" : "close";
}

static void send_http_error(struct mg_connection *, int, const char *,
                            PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING(const char *fmt), ...)
  PRINTF_ARGS(4, 5);


static void send_http_error(struct mg_connection *conn, int status,
                            const char *reason, const char *fmt, ...) {
  char buf[MG_BUF_LEN];
  va_list ap;
  int len;

  conn->status_code = status;
  conn->request_info.ev_data = (void *) (long) status;
  if (call_user(conn, MG_HTTP_ERROR) == NULL) {
    buf[0] = '\0';
    len = 0;

    // Errors 1xx, 204 and 304 MUST NOT send a body
    if (status > 199 && status != 204 && status != 304) {
      len = mg_snprintf(conn, buf, sizeof(buf), "Error %d: %s", status, reason);
      buf[len++] = '\n';

      va_start(ap, fmt);
      len += mg_vsnprintf(conn, buf + len, sizeof(buf) - len, fmt, ap);
      va_end(ap);
    }
    DEBUG_TRACE(("[%s]", buf));

    mg_printf(conn, "HTTP/1.1 %d %s\r\n"
              "Content-Length: %d\r\n"
              "Connection: %s\r\n\r\n", status, reason, len,
              suggest_connection_header(conn));
    conn->num_bytes_sent += mg_printf(conn, "%s", buf);
  }
}

#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__SYMBIAN32__)
static int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *mutex, void *unused) {
  unused = NULL;
  *mutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
  return *mutex == NULL ? -1 : 0;
}

static int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex) {
  return CloseHandle(*mutex) == 0 ? -1 : 0;
}

static int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex) {
  return WaitForSingleObject(*mutex, INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0? 0 : -1;
}

static int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex) {
  return ReleaseMutex(*mutex) == 0 ? -1 : 0;
}

static int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *cv, const void *unused) {
  unused = NULL;
  cv->signal = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
  cv->broadcast = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
  return cv->signal != NULL && cv->broadcast != NULL ? 0 : -1;
}

static int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cv, pthread_mutex_t *mutex) {
  HANDLE handles[] = {cv->signal, cv->broadcast};
  ReleaseMutex(*mutex);
  WaitForMultipleObjects(2, handles, FALSE, INFINITE);
  return WaitForSingleObject(*mutex, INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0? 0 : -1;
}

static int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cv) {
  return SetEvent(cv->signal) == 0 ? -1 : 0;
}

static int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *cv) {
  // Implementation with PulseEvent() has race condition, see
  // http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/win32-cv-1.html
  return PulseEvent(cv->broadcast) == 0 ? -1 : 0;
}

static int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cv) {
  return CloseHandle(cv->signal) && CloseHandle(cv->broadcast) ? 0 : -1;
}

// For Windows, change all slashes to backslashes in path names.
static void change_slashes_to_backslashes(char *path) {
  int i;

  for (i = 0; path[i] != '\0'; i++) {
    if (path[i] == '/')
      path[i] = '\\';
    // i > 0 check is to preserve UNC paths, like \\server\file.txt
    if (path[i] == '\\' && i > 0)
      while (path[i + 1] == '\\' || path[i + 1] == '/')
        (void) memmove(path + i + 1,
            path + i + 2, strlen(path + i + 1));
  }
}

// Encode 'path' which is assumed UTF-8 string, into UNICODE string.
// wbuf and wbuf_len is a target buffer and its length.
static void to_unicode(const char *path, wchar_t *wbuf, size_t wbuf_len) {
  char buf[PATH_MAX], buf2[PATH_MAX], *p;

  mg_strlcpy(buf, path, sizeof(buf));
  change_slashes_to_backslashes(buf);

  // Point p to the end of the file name
  p = buf + strlen(buf) - 1;

  // Trim trailing backslash character
  while (p > buf && *p == '\\' && p[-1] != ':') {
    *p-- = '\0';
  }

   // Protect from CGI code disclosure.
   // This is very nasty hole. Windows happily opens files with
   // some garbage in the end of file name. So fopen("a.cgi    ", "r")
   // actually opens "a.cgi", and does not return an error!
  if (*p == 0x20 ||               // No space at the end
      (*p == 0x2e && p > buf) ||  // No '.' but allow '.' as full path
      *p == 0x2b ||               // No '+'
      (*p & ~0x7f)) {             // And generally no non-ASCII chars
    (void) fprintf(stderr, "Rejecting suspicious path: [%s]", buf);
    wbuf[0] = L'\0';
  } else {
    // Convert to Unicode and back. If doubly-converted string does not
    // match the original, something is fishy, reject.
    memset(wbuf, 0, wbuf_len * sizeof(wchar_t));
    MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, buf, -1, wbuf, (int) wbuf_len);
    WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, (int) wbuf_len, buf2, sizeof(buf2),
                        NULL, NULL);
    if (strcmp(buf, buf2) != 0) {
      wbuf[0] = L'\0';
    }
  }
}

#if defined(_WIN32_WCE)
static time_t time(time_t *ptime) {
  time_t t;
  SYSTEMTIME st;
  FILETIME ft;

  GetSystemTime(&st);
  SystemTimeToFileTime(&st, &ft);
  t = SYS2UNIX_TIME(ft.dwLowDateTime, ft.dwHighDateTime);

  if (ptime != NULL) {
    *ptime = t;
  }

  return t;
}

static struct tm *localtime(const time_t *ptime, struct tm *ptm) {
  int64_t t = ((int64_t) *ptime) * RATE_DIFF + EPOCH_DIFF;
  FILETIME ft, lft;
  SYSTEMTIME st;
  TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION tzinfo;

  if (ptm == NULL) {
    return NULL;
  }

  * (int64_t *) &ft = t;
  FileTimeToLocalFileTime(&ft, &lft);
  FileTimeToSystemTime(&lft, &st);
  ptm->tm_year = st.wYear - 1900;
  ptm->tm_mon = st.wMonth - 1;
  ptm->tm_wday = st.wDayOfWeek;
  ptm->tm_mday = st.wDay;
  ptm->tm_hour = st.wHour;
  ptm->tm_min = st.wMinute;
  ptm->tm_sec = st.wSecond;
  ptm->tm_yday = 0; // hope nobody uses this
  ptm->tm_isdst =
    GetTimeZoneInformation(&tzinfo) == TIME_ZONE_ID_DAYLIGHT ? 1 : 0;

  return ptm;
}

static struct tm *gmtime(const time_t *ptime, struct tm *ptm) {
  // FIXME(lsm): fix this.
  return localtime(ptime, ptm);
}

static size_t strftime(char *dst, size_t dst_size, const char *fmt,
                       const struct tm *tm) {
  (void) snprintf(dst, dst_size, "implement strftime() for WinCE");
  return 0;
}
#endif

static int mg_rename(const char* oldname, const char* newname) {
  wchar_t woldbuf[PATH_MAX];
  wchar_t wnewbuf[PATH_MAX];

  to_unicode(oldname, woldbuf, ARRAY_SIZE(woldbuf));
  to_unicode(newname, wnewbuf, ARRAY_SIZE(wnewbuf));

  return MoveFileW(woldbuf, wnewbuf) ? 0 : -1;
}

static int mg_stat(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *path,
                   struct file *filep) {
  wchar_t wbuf[PATH_MAX];
  WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA info;

  if (!is_file_in_memory(conn, path, filep)) {
    to_unicode(path, wbuf, ARRAY_SIZE(wbuf));
    if (GetFileAttributesExW(wbuf, GetFileExInfoStandard, &info) != 0) {
      filep->size = MAKEUQUAD(info.nFileSizeLow, info.nFileSizeHigh);
      filep->modification_time = SYS2UNIX_TIME(
          info.ftLastWriteTime.dwLowDateTime,
          info.ftLastWriteTime.dwHighDateTime);
      filep->is_directory = info.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
    }
  }

  return filep->membuf != NULL || filep->modification_time != 0;
}

static int mg_remove(const char *path) {
  wchar_t wbuf[PATH_MAX];
  to_unicode(path, wbuf, ARRAY_SIZE(wbuf));
  return DeleteFileW(wbuf) ? 0 : -1;
}

static int mg_mkdir(const char *path, int mode) {
  char buf[PATH_MAX];
  wchar_t wbuf[PATH_MAX];

  mode = 0; // Unused
  mg_strlcpy(buf, path, sizeof(buf));
  change_slashes_to_backslashes(buf);

  (void) MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, buf, -1, wbuf, sizeof(wbuf));

  return CreateDirectoryW(wbuf, NULL) ? 0 : -1;
}

// Implementation of POSIX opendir/closedir/readdir for Windows.
static DIR * opendir(const char *name) {
  DIR *dir = NULL;
  wchar_t wpath[PATH_MAX];
  DWORD attrs;

  if (name == NULL) {
    SetLastError(ERROR_BAD_ARGUMENTS);
  } else if ((dir = (DIR *) malloc(sizeof(*dir))) == NULL) {
    SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
  } else {
    to_unicode(name, wpath, ARRAY_SIZE(wpath));
    attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wpath);
    if (attrs != 0xFFFFFFFF &&
        ((attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) == FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)) {
      (void) wcscat(wpath, L"\\*");
      dir->handle = FindFirstFileW(wpath, &dir->info);
      dir->result.d_name[0] = '\0';
    } else {
      free(dir);
      dir = NULL;
    }
  }

  return dir;
}

static int closedir(DIR *dir) {
  int result = 0;

  if (dir != NULL) {
    if (dir->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
      result = FindClose(dir->handle) ? 0 : -1;

    free(dir);
  } else {
    result = -1;
    SetLastError(ERROR_BAD_ARGUMENTS);
  }

  return result;
}

static struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dir) {
  struct dirent *result = 0;

  if (dir) {
    if (dir->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
      result = &dir->result;
      (void) WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0,
          dir->info.cFileName, -1, result->d_name,
          sizeof(result->d_name), NULL, NULL);

      if (!FindNextFileW(dir->handle, &dir->info)) {
        (void) FindClose(dir->handle);
        dir->handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
      }

    } else {
      SetLastError(ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND);
    }
  } else {
    SetLastError(ERROR_BAD_ARGUMENTS);
  }

  return result;
}

#define set_close_on_exec(x) // No FD_CLOEXEC on Windows

int mg_start_thread(mg_thread_func_t f, void *p) {
  return _beginthread((void (__cdecl *)(void *)) f, 0, p) == -1L ? -1 : 0;
}

static HANDLE dlopen(const char *dll_name, int flags) {
  wchar_t wbuf[PATH_MAX];
  flags = 0; // Unused
  to_unicode(dll_name, wbuf, ARRAY_SIZE(wbuf));
  return LoadLibraryW(wbuf);
}

#if !defined(NO_CGI)
#define SIGKILL 0
static int kill(pid_t pid, int sig_num) {
  (void) TerminateProcess(pid, sig_num);
  (void) CloseHandle(pid);
  return 0;
}

static void trim_trailing_whitespaces(char *s) {
  char *e = s + strlen(s) - 1;
  while (e > s && isspace(* (unsigned char *) e)) {
    *e-- = '\0';
  }
}

static pid_t spawn_process(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *prog,
                           char *envblk, char *envp[], int fd_stdin,
                           int fd_stdout, const char *dir) {
  HANDLE me;
  char *p, *interp, full_interp[PATH_MAX], cmdline[PATH_MAX], buf[PATH_MAX];
  struct file file;
  STARTUPINFOA si = { sizeof(si) };
  PROCESS_INFORMATION pi = { 0 };

  envp = NULL; // Unused

  // TODO(lsm): redirect CGI errors to the error log file
  si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES | STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
  si.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;

  me = GetCurrentProcess();
  DuplicateHandle(me, (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fd_stdin), me,
                  &si.hStdInput, 0, TRUE, DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS);
  DuplicateHandle(me, (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fd_stdout), me,
                  &si.hStdOutput, 0, TRUE, DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS);

  // If CGI file is a script, try to read the interpreter line
  interp = conn->ctx->config[CGI_INTERPRETER];
  if (interp == NULL) {
    buf[0] = buf[1] = '\0';

    // Read the first line of the script into the buffer
    snprintf(cmdline, sizeof(cmdline), "%s%c%s", dir, '/', prog);
    if (mg_fopen(conn, cmdline, "r", &file)) {
      p = (char *) file.membuf;
      mg_fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), &file, &p);
      mg_fclose(&file);
      buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = '\0';
    }

    if (buf[0] == '#' && buf[1] == '!') {
      trim_trailing_whitespaces(buf + 2);
    } else {
      buf[2] = '\0';
    }
    interp = buf + 2;
  }

  if (interp[0] != '\0') {
    GetFullPathName(interp, sizeof(full_interp), full_interp, NULL);
    interp = full_interp;
  }

  mg_snprintf(conn, cmdline, sizeof(cmdline), "%s%s%s",
              interp, interp[0] == '\0' ? "" : " ", prog);

  DEBUG_TRACE(("Running [%s]", cmdline));
  if (CreateProcessA(NULL, cmdline, NULL, NULL, TRUE,
        CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP, envblk, dir, &si, &pi) == 0) {
    cry(conn, "%s: CreateProcess(%s): %d",
        __func__, cmdline, ERRNO);
    pi.hProcess = (pid_t) -1;
  }

  // Always close these to prevent handle leakage.
  (void) close(fd_stdin);
  (void) close(fd_stdout);

  (void) CloseHandle(si.hStdOutput);
  (void) CloseHandle(si.hStdInput);
  (void) CloseHandle(pi.hThread);

  return (pid_t) pi.hProcess;
}
#endif // !NO_CGI

static int set_non_blocking_mode(SOCKET sock) {
  unsigned long on = 1;
  return ioctlsocket(sock, FIONBIO, &on);
}

#else
static int mg_stat(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *path,
                   struct file *filep) {
  struct stat st;

  if (!is_file_in_memory(conn, path, filep) && !stat(path, &st)) {
    filep->size = st.st_size;
    filep->modification_time = st.st_mtime;
    filep->is_directory = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
  } else {
    filep->modification_time = (time_t) 0;
  }

  return filep->membuf != NULL || filep->modification_time != (time_t) 0;
}

static void set_close_on_exec(int fd) {
  fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
}

int mg_start_thread(mg_thread_func_t func, void *param) {
  pthread_t thread_id;
  pthread_attr_t attr;

  (void) pthread_attr_init(&attr);
  (void) pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
  // TODO(lsm): figure out why mongoose dies on Linux if next line is enabled
  // (void) pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, sizeof(struct mg_connection) * 5);

  return pthread_create(&thread_id, &attr, func, param);
}

#ifndef NO_CGI
static pid_t spawn_process(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *prog,
                           char *envblk, char *envp[], int fd_stdin,
                           int fd_stdout, const char *dir) {
  pid_t pid;
  const char *interp;

  envblk = NULL; // Unused

  if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
    // Parent
    send_http_error(conn, 500, http_500_error, "fork(): %s", strerror(ERRNO));
  } else if (pid == 0) {
    // Child
    if (chdir(dir) != 0) {
      cry(conn, "%s: chdir(%s): %s", __func__, dir, strerror(ERRNO));
    } else if (dup2(fd_stdin, 0) == -1) {
      cry(conn, "%s: dup2(%d, 0): %s", __func__, fd_stdin, strerror(ERRNO));
    } else if (dup2(fd_stdout, 1) == -1) {
      cry(conn, "%s: dup2(%d, 1): %s", __func__, fd_stdout, strerror(ERRNO));
    } else {
      (void) dup2(fd_stdout, 2);
      (void) close(fd_stdin);
      (void) close(fd_stdout);

      interp = conn->ctx->config[CGI_INTERPRETER];
      if (interp == NULL) {
        (void) execle(prog, prog, NULL, envp);
        cry(conn, "%s: execle(%s): %s", __func__, prog, strerror(ERRNO));
      } else {
        (void) execle(interp, interp, prog, NULL, envp);
        cry(conn, "%s: execle(%s %s): %s", __func__, interp, prog,
            strerror(ERRNO));
      }
    }
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  // Parent. Close stdio descriptors
  (void) close(fd_stdin);
  (void) close(fd_stdout);

  return pid;
}
#endif // !NO_CGI

static int set_non_blocking_mode(SOCKET sock) {
  int flags;

  flags = fcntl(sock, F_GETFL, 0);
  (void) fcntl(sock, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);

  return 0;
}
#endif // _WIN32

// Write data to the IO channel - opened file descriptor, socket or SSL
// descriptor. Return number of bytes written.
static int64_t push(FILE *fp, SOCKET sock, SSL *ssl, const char *buf,
                    int64_t len) {
  int64_t sent;
  int n, k;

  sent = 0;
  while (sent < len) {

    // How many bytes we send in this iteration
    k = len - sent > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : (int) (len - sent);

    if (ssl != NULL) {
      n = SSL_write(ssl, buf + sent, k);
    } else if (fp != NULL) {
      n = (int) fwrite(buf + sent, 1, (size_t) k, fp);
      if (ferror(fp))
        n = -1;
    } else {
      n = send(sock, buf + sent, (size_t) k, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
    }

    if (n < 0)
      break;

    sent += n;
  }

  return sent;
}

// This function is needed to prevent Mongoose to be stuck in a blocking
// socket read when user requested exit. To do that, we sleep in select
// with a timeout, and when returned, check the context for the stop flag.
// If it is set, we return 0, and this means that we must not continue
// reading, must give up and close the connection and exit serving thread.
static int wait_until_socket_is_readable(struct mg_connection *conn) {
  int result;
  struct timeval tv;
  fd_set set;

  do {
    tv.tv_sec = 0;
    tv.tv_usec = 300 * 1000;
    FD_ZERO(&set);
    FD_SET(conn->client.sock, &set);
    result = select(conn->client.sock + 1, &set, NULL, NULL, &tv);
    if(result == 0 && conn->ssl != NULL) {
        result = SSL_pending(conn->ssl);
    }
  } while ((result == 0 || (result < 0 && ERRNO == EINTR)) &&
           conn->ctx->stop_flag == 0);

  return conn->ctx->stop_flag || result < 0 ? 0 : 1;
}

// Read from IO channel - opened file descriptor, socket, or SSL descriptor.
// Return negative value on error, or number of bytes read on success.
static int pull(FILE *fp, struct mg_connection *conn, char *buf, int len) {
  int nread;

  if (fp != NULL) {
    // Use read() instead of fread(), because if we're reading from the CGI
    // pipe, fread() may block until IO buffer is filled up. We cannot afford
    // to block and must pass all read bytes immediately to the client.
    nread = read(fileno(fp), buf, (size_t) len);
  } else if (!conn->must_close && !wait_until_socket_is_readable(conn)) {
    nread = -1;
  } else if (conn->ssl != NULL) {
    nread = SSL_read(conn->ssl, buf, len);
  } else {
    nread = recv(conn->client.sock, buf, (size_t) len, 0);
  }

  return conn->ctx->stop_flag ? -1 : nread;
}

int mg_read(struct mg_connection *conn, void *buf, size_t len) {
  int n, buffered_len, nread;
  const char *body;

  nread = 0;
  if (conn->consumed_content < conn->content_len) {
    // Adjust number of bytes to read.
    int64_t to_read = conn->content_len - conn->consumed_content;
    if (to_read < (int64_t) len) {
      len = (size_t) to_read;
    }

    // Return buffered data
    body = conn->buf + conn->request_len + conn->consumed_content;
    buffered_len = &conn->buf[conn->data_len] - body;
    if (buffered_len > 0) {
      if (len < (size_t) buffered_len) {
        buffered_len = (int) len;
      }
      memcpy(buf, body, (size_t) buffered_len);
      len -= buffered_len;
      conn->consumed_content += buffered_len;
      nread += buffered_len;
      buf = (char *) buf + buffered_len;
    }

    // We have returned all buffered data. Read new data from the remote socket.
    while (len > 0) {
      n = pull(NULL, conn, (char *) buf, (int) len);
      if (n < 0) {
        nread = n;  // Propagate the error
        break;
      } else if (n == 0) {
        break;  // No more data to read
      } else {
        buf = (char *) buf + n;
        conn->consumed_content += n;
        nread += n;
        len -= n;
      }
    }
  }
  return nread;
}

int mg_write(struct mg_connection *conn, const void *buf, size_t len) {
  time_t now;
  int64_t n, total, allowed;

  if (conn->throttle > 0) {
    if ((now = time(NULL)) != conn->last_throttle_time) {
      conn->last_throttle_time = now;
      conn->last_throttle_bytes = 0;
    }
    allowed = conn->throttle - conn->last_throttle_bytes;
    if (allowed > (int64_t) len) {
      allowed = len;
    }
    if ((total = push(NULL, conn->client.sock, conn->ssl, (const char *) buf,
                      (int64_t) allowed)) == allowed) {
      buf = (char *) buf + total;
      conn->last_throttle_bytes += total;
      while (total < (int64_t) len && conn->ctx->stop_flag == 0) {
        allowed = conn->throttle > (int64_t) len - total ?
          (int64_t) len - total : conn->throttle;
        if ((n = push(NULL, conn->client.sock, conn->ssl, (const char *) buf,
                      (int64_t) allowed)) != allowed) {
          break;
        }
        sleep(1);
        conn->last_throttle_bytes = allowed;
        conn->last_throttle_time = time(NULL);
        buf = (char *) buf + n;
        total += n;
      }
    }
  } else {
    total = push(NULL, conn->client.sock, conn->ssl, (const char *) buf,
                 (int64_t) len);
  }
  return (int) total;
}

int mg_printf(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *fmt, ...) {
  char mem[MG_BUF_LEN], *buf = mem;
  int len;
  va_list ap;

  // Print in a local buffer first, hoping that it is large enough to
  // hold the whole message
  va_start(ap, fmt);
  len = vsnprintf(mem, sizeof(mem), fmt, ap);
  va_end(ap);

  if (len == 0) {
    // Do nothing. mg_printf(conn, "%s", "") was called.
  } else if (len < 0) {
    // vsnprintf() error, give up
    len = -1;
    cry(conn, "%s(%s, ...): vsnprintf() error", __func__, fmt);
  } else if (len > (int) sizeof(mem) && (buf = (char *) malloc(len + 1)) != NULL) {
    // Local buffer is not large enough, allocate big buffer on heap
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    vsnprintf(buf, len + 1, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    len = mg_write(conn, buf, (size_t) len);
    free(buf);
  } else if (len > (int) sizeof(mem)) {
    // Failed to allocate large enough buffer, give up
    cry(conn, "%s(%s, ...): Can't allocate %d bytes, not printing anything",
        __func__, fmt, len);
    len = -1;
  } else {
    // Copy to the local buffer succeeded
    len = mg_write(conn, buf, (size_t) len);
  }

  return len;
}

// URL-decode input buffer into destination buffer.
// 0-terminate the destination buffer. Return the length of decoded data.
// form-url-encoded data differs from URI encoding in a way that it
// uses '+' as character for space, see RFC 1866 section 8.2.1
// http://ftp.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/html/rfc1866.txt
static int url_decode(const char *src, int src_len, char *dst,
                      int dst_len, int is_form_url_encoded) {
  int i, j, a, b;
#define HEXTOI(x) (isdigit(x) ? x - '0' : x - 'W')

  for (i = j = 0; i < src_len && j < dst_len - 1; i++, j++) {
    if (src[i] == '%' &&
        isxdigit(* (const unsigned char *) (src + i + 1)) &&
        isxdigit(* (const unsigned char *) (src + i + 2))) {
      a = tolower(* (const unsigned char *) (src + i + 1));
      b = tolower(* (const unsigned char *) (src + i + 2));
      dst[j] = (char) ((HEXTOI(a) << 4) | HEXTOI(b));
      i += 2;
    } else if (is_form_url_encoded && src[i] == '+') {
      dst[j] = ' ';
    } else {
      dst[j] = src[i];
    }
  }

  dst[j] = '\0'; // Null-terminate the destination

  return i >= src_len ? j : -1;
}

int mg_get_var(const char *data, size_t data_len, const char *name,
               char *dst, size_t dst_len) {
  const char *p, *e, *s;
  size_t name_len;
  int len;

  if (dst == NULL || dst_len == 0) {
    len = -2;
  } else if (data == NULL || name == NULL || data_len == 0) {
    len = -1;
    dst[0] = '\0';
  } else {
    name_len = strlen(name);
    e = data + data_len;
    len = -1;
    dst[0] = '\0';

    // data is "var1=val1&var2=val2...". Find variable first
    for (p = data; p + name_len < e; p++) {
      if ((p == data || p[-1] == '&') && p[name_len] == '=' &&
          !mg_strncasecmp(name, p, name_len)) {

        // Point p to variable value
        p += name_len + 1;

        // Point s to the end of the value
        s = (const char *) memchr(p, '&', (size_t)(e - p));
        if (s == NULL) {
          s = e;
        }
        assert(s >= p);

        // Decode variable into destination buffer
        len = url_decode(p, (size_t)(s - p), dst, dst_len, 1);
        
        // Redirect error code from -1 to -2 (destination buffer too small).
        if (len == -1) {
          len = -2;
        }
        break;
      }
    }
  }

  return len;
}

int mg_get_cookie(const struct mg_connection *conn, const char *cookie_name,
                  char *dst, size_t dst_size) {
  const char *s, *p, *end;
  int name_len, len = -1;

  dst[0] = '\0';
  if ((s = mg_get_header(conn, "Cookie")) == NULL) {
    return -1;
  }

  name_len = (int) strlen(cookie_name);
  end = s + strlen(s);

  for (; (s = strstr(s, cookie_name)) != NULL; s += name_len)
    if (s[name_len] == '=') {
      s += name_len + 1;
      if ((p = strchr(s, ' ')) == NULL)
        p = end;
      if (p[-1] == ';')
        p--;
      if (*s == '"' && p[-1] == '"' && p > s + 1) {
        s++;
        p--;
      }
      if ((size_t) (p - s) < dst_size) {
        len = p - s;
        mg_strlcpy(dst, s, (size_t) len + 1);
      }
      break;
    }

  return len;
}

static void convert_uri_to_file_name(struct mg_connection *conn, char *buf,
                                     size_t buf_len, struct file *filep) {
  struct vec a, b;
  const char *rewrite, *uri = conn->request_info.uri;
  char *p;
  int match_len;

  // Using buf_len - 1 because memmove() for PATH_INFO may shift part
  // of the path one byte on the right.
  mg_snprintf(conn, buf, buf_len - 1, "%s%s", conn->ctx->config[DOCUMENT_ROOT],
              uri);

  rewrite = conn->ctx->config[REWRITE];
  while ((rewrite = next_option(rewrite, &a, &b)) != NULL) {
    if ((match_len = match_prefix(a.ptr, a.len, uri)) > 0) {
      mg_snprintf(conn, buf, buf_len - 1, "%.*s%s", (int) b.len, b.ptr,
                  uri + match_len);
      break;
    }
  }

  if (!mg_stat(conn, buf, filep)) {
    // Support PATH_INFO for CGI scripts.
    for (p = buf + strlen(buf); p > buf + 1; p--) {
      if (*p == '/') {
        *p = '\0';
        if (match_prefix(conn->ctx->config[CGI_EXTENSIONS],
                         strlen(conn->ctx->config[CGI_EXTENSIONS]), buf) > 0 &&
            mg_stat(conn, buf, filep)) {
          // Shift PATH_INFO block one character right, e.g.
          //  "/x.cgi/foo/bar\x00" => "/x.cgi\x00/foo/bar\x00"
          // conn->path_info is pointing to the local variable "path" declared
          // in handle_request(), so PATH_INFO is not valid after
          // handle_request returns.
          conn->path_info = p + 1;
          memmove(p + 2, p + 1, strlen(p + 1) + 1);  // +1 is for trailing \0
          p[1] = '/';
          break;
        } else {
          *p = '/';
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

static int sslize(struct mg_connection *conn, SSL_CTX *s, int (*func)(SSL *)) {
  return (conn->ssl = SSL_new(s)) != NULL &&
    SSL_set_fd(conn->ssl, conn->client.sock) == 1 &&
    func(conn->ssl) == 1;
}

// Check whether full request is buffered. Return:
//   -1  if request is malformed
//    0  if request is not yet fully buffered
//   >0  actual request length, including last \r\n\r\n
static int get_request_len(const char *buf, int buflen) {
  const char *s, *e;
  int len = 0;

  for (s = buf, e = s + buflen - 1; len <= 0 && s < e; s++)
    // Control characters are not allowed but >=128 is.
    if (!isprint(* (const unsigned char *) s) && *s != '\r' &&
        *s != '\n' && * (const unsigned char *) s < 128) {
      len = -1;
      break; // [i_a] abort scan as soon as one malformed character is found; don't let subsequent \r\n\r\n win us over anyhow
    } else if (s[0] == '\n' && s[1] == '\n') {
      len = (int) (s - buf) + 2;
    } else if (s[0] == '\n' && &s[1] < e &&
        s[1] == '\r' && s[2] == '\n') {
      len = (int) (s - buf) + 3;
    }

  return len;
}

// Convert month to the month number. Return -1 on error, or month number
static int get_month_index(const char *s) {
  size_t i;

  for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(month_names); i++)
    if (!strcmp(s, month_names[i]))
      return (int) i;

  return -1;
}

static int num_leap_years(int year) {
  return year / 4 - year / 100 + year / 400;
}

// Parse UTC date-time string, and return the corresponding time_t value.
static time_t parse_date_string(const char *datetime) {
  static const unsigned short days_before_month[] = {
    0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334
  };
  char month_str[32];
  int second, minute, hour, day, month, year, leap_days, days;
  time_t result = (time_t) 0;

  if (((sscanf(datetime, "%d/%3s/%d %d:%d:%d",
               &day, month_str, &year, &hour, &minute, &second) == 6) ||
       (sscanf(datetime, "%d %3s %d %d:%d:%d",
               &day, month_str, &year, &hour, &minute, &second) == 6) ||
       (sscanf(datetime, "%*3s, %d %3s %d %d:%d:%d",
               &day, month_str, &year, &hour, &minute, &second) == 6) ||
       (sscanf(datetime, "%d-%3s-%d %d:%d:%d",
               &day, month_str, &year, &hour, &minute, &second) == 6)) &&
      year > 1970 &&
      (month = get_month_index(month_str)) != -1) {
    leap_days = num_leap_years(year) - num_leap_years(1970);
    year -= 1970;
    days = year * 365 + days_before_month[month] + (day - 1) + leap_days;
    result = days * 24 * 3600 + hour * 3600 + minute * 60 + second;
  }

  return result;
}

// Protect against directory disclosure attack by removing '..',
// excessive '/' and '\' characters
static void remove_double_dots_and_double_slashes(char *s) {
  char *p = s;

  while (*s != '\0') {
    *p++ = *s++;
    if (s[-1] == '/' || s[-1] == '\\') {
      // Skip all following slashes, backslashes and double-dots
      while (s[0] != '\0') {
        if (s[0] == '/' || s[0] == '\\') {
          s++;
        } else if (s[0] == '.' && s[1] == '.') {
          s += 2;
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  *p = '\0';
}

static const struct {
  const char *extension;
  size_t ext_len;
  const char *mime_type;
} builtin_mime_types[] = {
  {".html", 5, "text/html"},
  {".htm", 4, "text/html"},
  {".shtm", 5, "text/html"},
  {".shtml", 6, "text/html"},
  {".css", 4, "text/css"},
  {".js",  3, "application/x-javascript"},
  {".ico", 4, "image/x-icon"},
  {".gif", 4, "image/gif"},
  {".jpg", 4, "image/jpeg"},
  {".jpeg", 5, "image/jpeg"},
  {".png", 4, "image/png"},
  {".svg", 4, "image/svg+xml"},
  {".txt", 4, "text/plain"},
  {".torrent", 8, "application/x-bittorrent"},
  {".wav", 4, "audio/x-wav"},
  {".mp3", 4, "audio/x-mp3"},
  {".mid", 4, "audio/mid"},
  {".m3u", 4, "audio/x-mpegurl"},
  {".ogg", 4, "audio/ogg"},
  {".ram", 4, "audio/x-pn-realaudio"},
  {".xml", 4, "text/xml"},
  {".json",  5, "text/json"},
  {".xslt", 5, "application/xml"},
  {".xsl", 4, "application/xml"},
  {".ra",  3, "audio/x-pn-realaudio"},
  {".doc", 4, "application/msword"},
  {".exe", 4, "application/octet-stream"},
  {".zip", 4, "application/x-zip-compressed"},
  {".xls", 4, "application/excel"},
  {".tgz", 4, "application/x-tar-gz"},
  {".tar", 4, "application/x-tar"},
  {".gz",  3, "application/x-gunzip"},
  {".arj", 4, "application/x-arj-compressed"},
  {".rar", 4, "application/x-arj-compressed"},
  {".rtf", 4, "application/rtf"},
  {".pdf", 4, "application/pdf"},
  {".swf", 4, "application/x-shockwave-flash"},
  {".mpg", 4, "video/mpeg"},
  {".webm", 5, "video/webm"},
  {".mpeg", 5, "video/mpeg"},
  {".mp4", 4, "video/mp4"},
  {".m4v", 4, "video/x-m4v"},
  {".asf", 4, "video/x-ms-asf"},
  {".avi", 4, "video/x-msvideo"},
  {".bmp", 4, "image/bmp"},
  {NULL,  0, NULL}
};

const char *mg_get_builtin_mime_type(const char *path) {
  const char *ext;
  size_t i, path_len;

  path_len = strlen(path);

  for (i = 0; builtin_mime_types[i].extension != NULL; i++) {
    ext = path + (path_len - builtin_mime_types[i].ext_len);
    if (path_len > builtin_mime_types[i].ext_len &&
        mg_strcasecmp(ext, builtin_mime_types[i].extension) == 0) {
      return builtin_mime_types[i].mime_type;
    }
  }

  return "text/plain";
}

// Look at the "path" extension and figure what mime type it has.
// Store mime type in the vector.
static void get_mime_type(struct mg_context *ctx, const char *path,
                          struct vec *vec) {
  struct vec ext_vec, mime_vec;
  const char *list, *ext;
  size_t path_len;

  path_len = strlen(path);

  // Scan user-defined mime types first, in case user wants to
  // override default mime types.
  list = ctx->config[EXTRA_MIME_TYPES];
  while ((list = next_option(list, &ext_vec, &mime_vec)) != NULL) {
    // ext now points to the path suffix
    ext = path + path_len - ext_vec.len;
    if (mg_strncasecmp(ext, ext_vec.ptr, ext_vec.len) == 0) {
      *vec = mime_vec;
      return;
    }
  }

  vec->ptr = mg_get_builtin_mime_type(path);
  vec->len = strlen(vec->ptr);
}

#ifndef HAVE_MD5
typedef struct MD5Context {
  uint32_t buf[4];
  uint32_t bits[2];
  unsigned char in[64];
} MD5_CTX;

#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && (__BYTE_ORDER == 1234)
#define byteReverse(buf, len) // Do nothing
#else
static void byteReverse(unsigned char *buf, unsigned longs) {
  uint32_t t;
  do {
    t = (uint32_t) ((unsigned) buf[3] << 8 | buf[2]) << 16 |
      ((unsigned) buf[1] << 8 | buf[0]);
    *(uint32_t *) buf = t;
    buf += 4;
  } while (--longs);
}
#endif

#define F1(x, y, z) (z ^ (x & (y ^ z)))
#define F2(x, y, z) F1(z, x, y)
#define F3(x, y, z) (x ^ y ^ z)
#define F4(x, y, z) (y ^ (x | ~z))

#define MD5STEP(f, w, x, y, z, data, s) \
  ( w += f(x, y, z) + data,  w = w<<s | w>>(32-s),  w += x )

// Start MD5 accumulation.  Set bit count to 0 and buffer to mysterious
// initialization constants.
static void MD5Init(MD5_CTX *ctx) {
  ctx->buf[0] = 0x67452301;
  ctx->buf[1] = 0xefcdab89;
  ctx->buf[2] = 0x98badcfe;
  ctx->buf[3] = 0x10325476;

  ctx->bits[0] = 0;
  ctx->bits[1] = 0;
}

static void MD5Transform(uint32_t buf[4], uint32_t const in[16]) {
  register uint32_t a, b, c, d;

  a = buf[0];
  b = buf[1];
  c = buf[2];
  d = buf[3];

  MD5STEP(F1, a, b, c, d, in[0] + 0xd76aa478, 7);
  MD5STEP(F1, d, a, b, c, in[1] + 0xe8c7b756, 12);
  MD5STEP(F1, c, d, a, b, in[2] + 0x242070db, 17);
  MD5STEP(F1, b, c, d, a, in[3] + 0xc1bdceee, 22);
  MD5STEP(F1, a, b, c, d, in[4] + 0xf57c0faf, 7);
  MD5STEP(F1, d, a, b, c, in[5] + 0x4787c62a, 12);
  MD5STEP(F1, c, d, a, b, in[6] + 0xa8304613, 17);
  MD5STEP(F1, b, c, d, a, in[7] + 0xfd469501, 22);
  MD5STEP(F1, a, b, c, d, in[8] + 0x698098d8, 7);
  MD5STEP(F1, d, a, b, c, in[9] + 0x8b44f7af, 12);
  MD5STEP(F1, c, d, a, b, in[10] + 0xffff5bb1, 17);
  MD5STEP(F1, b, c, d, a, in[11] + 0x895cd7be, 22);
  MD5STEP(F1, a, b, c, d, in[12] + 0x6b901122, 7);
  MD5STEP(F1, d, a, b, c, in[13] + 0xfd987193, 12);
  MD5STEP(F1, c, d, a, b, in[14] + 0xa679438e, 17);
  MD5STEP(F1, b, c, d, a, in[15] + 0x49b40821, 22);

  MD5STEP(F2, a, b, c, d, in[1] + 0xf61e2562, 5);
  MD5STEP(F2, d, a, b, c, in[6] + 0xc040b340, 9);
  MD5STEP(F2, c, d, a, b, in[11] + 0x265e5a51, 14);
  MD5STEP(F2, b, c, d, a, in[0] + 0xe9b6c7aa, 20);
  MD5STEP(F2, a, b, c, d, in[5] + 0xd62f105d, 5);
  MD5STEP(F2, d, a, b, c, in[10] + 0x02441453, 9);
  MD5STEP(F2, c, d, a, b, in[15] + 0xd8a1e681, 14);
  MD5STEP(F2, b, c, d, a, in[4] + 0xe7d3fbc8, 20);
  MD5STEP(F2, a, b, c, d, in[9] + 0x21e1cde6, 5);
  MD5STEP(F2, d, a, b, c, in[14] + 0xc33707d6, 9);
  MD5STEP(F2, c, d, a, b, in[3] + 0xf4d50d87, 14);
  MD5STEP(F2, b, c, d, a, in[8] + 0x455a14ed, 20);
  MD5STEP(F2, a, b, c, d, in[13] + 0xa9e3e905, 5);
  MD5STEP(F2, d, a, b, c, in[2] + 0xfcefa3f8, 9);
  MD5STEP(F2, c, d, a, b, in[7] + 0x676f02d9, 14);
  MD5STEP(F2, b, c, d, a, in[12] + 0x8d2a4c8a, 20);

  MD5STEP(F3, a, b, c, d, in[5] + 0xfffa3942, 4);
  MD5STEP(F3, d, a, b, c, in[8] + 0x8771f681, 11);
  MD5STEP(F3, c, d, a, b, in[11] + 0x6d9d6122, 16);
  MD5STEP(F3, b, c, d, a, in[14] + 0xfde5380c, 23);
  MD5STEP(F3, a, b, c, d, in[1] + 0xa4beea44, 4);
  MD5STEP(F3, d, a, b, c, in[4] + 0x4bdecfa9, 11);
  MD5STEP(F3, c, d, a, b, in[7] + 0xf6bb4b60, 16);
  MD5STEP(F3, b, c, d, a, in[10] + 0xbebfbc70, 23);
  MD5STEP(F3, a, b, c, d, in[13] + 0x289b7ec6, 4);
  MD5STEP(F3, d, a, b, c, in[0] + 0xeaa127fa, 11);
  MD5STEP(F3, c, d, a, b, in[3] + 0xd4ef3085, 16);
  MD5STEP(F3, b, c, d, a, in[6] + 0x04881d05, 23);
  MD5STEP(F3, a, b, c, d, in[9] + 0xd9d4d039, 4);
  MD5STEP(F3, d, a, b, c, in[12] + 0xe6db99e5, 11);
  MD5STEP(F3, c, d, a, b, in[15] + 0x1fa27cf8, 16);
  MD5STEP(F3, b, c, d, a, in[2] + 0xc4ac5665, 23);

  MD5STEP(F4, a, b, c, d, in[0] + 0xf4292244, 6);
  MD5STEP(F4, d, a, b, c, in[7] + 0x432aff97, 10);
  MD5STEP(F4, c, d, a, b, in[14] + 0xab9423a7, 15);
  MD5STEP(F4, b, c, d, a, in[5] + 0xfc93a039, 21);
  MD5STEP(F4, a, b, c, d, in[12] + 0x655b59c3, 6);
  MD5STEP(F4, d, a, b, c, in[3] + 0x8f0ccc92, 10);
  MD5STEP(F4, c, d, a, b, in[10] + 0xffeff47d, 15);
  MD5STEP(F4, b, c, d, a, in[1] + 0x85845dd1, 21);
  MD5STEP(F4, a, b, c, d, in[8] + 0x6fa87e4f, 6);
  MD5STEP(F4, d, a, b, c, in[15] + 0xfe2ce6e0, 10);
  MD5STEP(F4, c, d, a, b, in[6] + 0xa3014314, 15);
  MD5STEP(F4, b, c, d, a, in[13] + 0x4e0811a1, 21);
  MD5STEP(F4, a, b, c, d, in[4] + 0xf7537e82, 6);
  MD5STEP(F4, d, a, b, c, in[11] + 0xbd3af235, 10);
  MD5STEP(F4, c, d, a, b, in[2] + 0x2ad7d2bb, 15);
  MD5STEP(F4, b, c, d, a, in[9] + 0xeb86d391, 21);

  buf[0] += a;
  buf[1] += b;
  buf[2] += c;
  buf[3] += d;
}

static void MD5Update(MD5_CTX *ctx, unsigned char const *buf, unsigned len) {
  uint32_t t;

  t = ctx->bits[0];
  if ((ctx->bits[0] = t + ((uint32_t) len << 3)) < t)
    ctx->bits[1]++;
  ctx->bits[1] += len >> 29;

  t = (t >> 3) & 0x3f;

  if (t) {
    unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *) ctx->in + t;

    t = 64 - t;
    if (len < t) {
      memcpy(p, buf, len);
      return;
    }
    memcpy(p, buf, t);
    byteReverse(ctx->in, 16);
    MD5Transform(ctx->buf, (uint32_t *) ctx->in);
    buf += t;
    len -= t;
  }

  while (len >= 64) {
    memcpy(ctx->in, buf, 64);
    byteReverse(ctx->in, 16);
    MD5Transform(ctx->buf, (uint32_t *) ctx->in);
    buf += 64;
    len -= 64;
  }

  memcpy(ctx->in, buf, len);
}

static void MD5Final(unsigned char digest[16], MD5_CTX *ctx) {
  unsigned count;
  unsigned char *p;

  count = (ctx->bits[0] >> 3) & 0x3F;

  p = ctx->in + count;
  *p++ = 0x80;
  count = 64 - 1 - count;
  if (count < 8) {
    memset(p, 0, count);
    byteReverse(ctx->in, 16);
    MD5Transform(ctx->buf, (uint32_t *) ctx->in);
    memset(ctx->in, 0, 56);
  } else {
    memset(p, 0, count - 8);
  }
  byteReverse(ctx->in, 14);

  ((uint32_t *) ctx->in)[14] = ctx->bits[0];
  ((uint32_t *) ctx->in)[15] = ctx->bits[1];

  MD5Transform(ctx->buf, (uint32_t *) ctx->in);
  byteReverse((unsigned char *) ctx->buf, 4);
  memcpy(digest, ctx->buf, 16);
  memset((char *) ctx, 0, sizeof(*ctx));
}
#endif // !HAVE_MD5

// Stringify binary data. Output buffer must be twice as big as input,
// because each byte takes 2 bytes in string representation
static void bin2str(char *to, const unsigned char *p, size_t len) {
  static const char *hex = "0123456789abcdef";

  for (; len--; p++) {
    *to++ = hex[p[0] >> 4];
    *to++ = hex[p[0] & 0x0f];
  }
  *to = '\0';
}

// Return stringified MD5 hash for list of strings. Buffer must be 33 bytes.
void mg_md5(char buf[33], ...) {
  unsigned char hash[16];
  const char *p;
  va_list ap;
  MD5_CTX ctx;

  MD5Init(&ctx);

  va_start(ap, buf);
  while ((p = va_arg(ap, const char *)) != NULL) {
    MD5Update(&ctx, (const unsigned char *) p, (unsigned) strlen(p));
  }
  va_end(ap);

  MD5Final(hash, &ctx);
  bin2str(buf, hash, sizeof(hash));
}

// Check the user's password, return 1 if OK
static int check_password(const char *method, const char *ha1, const char *uri,
                          const char *nonce, const char *nc, const char *cnonce,
                          const char *qop, const char *response) {
  char ha2[32 + 1], expected_response[32 + 1];

  // Some of the parameters may be NULL
  if (method == NULL || nonce == NULL || nc == NULL || cnonce == NULL ||
      qop == NULL || response == NULL) {
    return 0;
  }

  // NOTE(lsm): due to a bug in MSIE, we do not compare the URI
  // TODO(lsm): check for authentication timeout
  if (// strcmp(dig->uri, c->ouri) != 0 ||
      strlen(response) != 32
      // || now - strtoul(dig->nonce, NULL, 10) > 3600
      ) {
    return 0;
  }

  mg_md5(ha2, method, ":", uri, NULL);
  mg_md5(expected_response, ha1, ":", nonce, ":", nc,
      ":", cnonce, ":", qop, ":", ha2, NULL);

  return mg_strcasecmp(response, expected_response) == 0;
}

// Use the global passwords file, if specified by auth_gpass option,
// or search for .htpasswd in the requested directory.
static void open_auth_file(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *path,
                           struct file *filep) {
  char name[PATH_MAX];
  const char *p, *e, *gpass = conn->ctx->config[GLOBAL_PASSWORDS_FILE];

  if (gpass != NULL) {
    // Use global passwords file
    if (!mg_fopen(conn, gpass, "r", filep)) {
      cry(conn, "fopen(%s): %s", gpass, strerror(ERRNO));
    }
  } else if (mg_stat(conn, path, filep) && filep->is_directory) {
    mg_snprintf(conn, name, sizeof(name), "%s%c%s",
                path, '/', PASSWORDS_FILE_NAME);
    mg_fopen(conn, name, "r", filep);
  } else {
     // Try to find .htpasswd in requested directory.
    for (p = path, e = p + strlen(p) - 1; e > p; e--)
      if (e[0] == '/')
        break;
    mg_snprintf(conn, name, sizeof(name), "%.*s%c%s",
                (int) (e - p), p, '/', PASSWORDS_FILE_NAME);
    mg_fopen(conn, name, "r", filep);
  }
}

// Parsed Authorization header
struct ah {
  char *user, *uri, *cnonce, *response, *qop, *nc, *nonce;
};

// Return 1 on success. Always initializes the ah structure.
static int parse_auth_header(struct mg_connection *conn, char *buf,
                             size_t buf_size, struct ah *ah) {
  char *name, *value, *s;
  const char *auth_header;

  (void) memset(ah, 0, sizeof(*ah));
  if ((auth_header = mg_get_header(conn, "Authorization")) == NULL ||
      mg_strncasecmp(auth_header, "Digest ", 7) != 0) {
    return 0;
  }

  // Make modifiable copy of the auth header
  (void) mg_strlcpy(buf, auth_header + 7, buf_size);
  s = buf;

  // Parse authorization header
  for (;;) {
    // Gobble initial spaces
    while (isspace(* (unsigned char *) s)) {
      s++;
    }
    name = skip_quoted(&s, "=", " ", 0);
    // Value is either quote-delimited, or ends at first comma or space.
    if (s[0] == '\"') {
      s++;
      value = skip_quoted(&s, "\"", " ", '\\');
      if (s[0] == ',') {
        s++;
      }
    } else {
      value = skip_quoted(&s, ", ", " ", 0);  // IE uses commas, FF uses spaces
    }
    if (*name == '\0') {
      break;
    }

    if (!strcmp(name, "username")) {
      ah->user = value;
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "cnonce")) {
      ah->cnonce = value;
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "response")) {
      ah->response = value;
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "uri")) {
      ah->uri = value;
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "qop")) {
      ah->qop = value;
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "nc")) {
      ah->nc = value;
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "nonce")) {
      ah->nonce = value;
    }
  }

  // CGI needs it as REMOTE_USER
  if (ah->user != NULL) {
    conn->request_info.remote_user = mg_strdup(ah->user);
  } else {
    return 0;
  }

  return 1;
}

static char *mg_fgets(char *buf, size_t size, struct file *filep, char **p) {
  char *eof;
  size_t len;

  if (filep->membuf != NULL && *p != NULL) {
    eof = memchr(*p, '\n', &filep->membuf[filep->size] - *p);
    len = (size_t) (eof - *p) > size - 1 ? size - 1 : (size_t) (eof - *p);
    memcpy(buf, *p, len);
    buf[len] = '\0';
    *p = eof;
    return eof;
  } else if (filep->fp != NULL) {
    return fgets(buf, size, filep->fp);
  } else {
    return NULL;
  }
}

// Authorize against the opened passwords file. Return 1 if authorized.
static int authorize(struct mg_connection *conn, struct file *filep) {
  struct ah ah;
  char line[256], f_user[256], ha1[256], f_domain[256], buf[MG_BUF_LEN], *p;

  if (!parse_auth_header(conn, buf, sizeof(buf), &ah)) {
    return 0;
  }

  // Loop over passwords file
  p = (char *) filep->membuf;
  while (mg_fgets(line, sizeof(line), filep, &p) != NULL) {
    if (sscanf(line, "%[^:]:%[^:]:%s", f_user, f_domain, ha1) != 3) {
      continue;
    }

    if (!strcmp(ah.user, f_user) &&
        !strcmp(conn->ctx->config[AUTHENTICATION_DOMAIN], f_domain))
      return check_password(conn->request_info.request_method, ha1, ah.uri,
                            ah.nonce, ah.nc, ah.cnonce, ah.qop, ah.response);
  }

  return 0;
}

// Return 1 if request is authorised, 0 otherwise.
static int check_authorization(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *path) {
  char fname[PATH_MAX];
  struct vec uri_vec, filename_vec;
  const char *list;
  struct file file = STRUCT_FILE_INITIALIZER;
  int authorized = 1;

  list = conn->ctx->config[PROTECT_URI];
  while ((list = next_option(list, &uri_vec, &filename_vec)) != NULL) {
    if (!memcmp(conn->request_info.uri, uri_vec.ptr, uri_vec.len)) {
      mg_snprintf(conn, fname, sizeof(fname), "%.*s",
                  (int) filename_vec.len, filename_vec.ptr);
      if (!mg_fopen(conn, fname, "r", &file)) {
        cry(conn, "%s: cannot open %s: %s", __func__, fname, strerror(errno));
      }
      break;
    }
  }

  if (!is_file_opened(&file)) {
    open_auth_file(conn, path, &file);
  }

  if (is_file_opened(&file)) {
    authorized = authorize(conn, &file);
    mg_fclose(&file);
  }

  return authorized;
}

static void send_authorization_request(struct mg_connection *conn) {
  conn->status_code = 401;
  mg_printf(conn,
            "HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized\r\n"
            "Content-Length: 0\r\n"
            "WWW-Authenticate: Digest qop=\"auth\", "
            "realm=\"%s\", nonce=\"%lu\"\r\n\r\n",
            conn->ctx->config[AUTHENTICATION_DOMAIN],
            (unsigned long) time(NULL));
}

static int is_authorized_for_put(struct mg_connection *conn) {
  struct file file = STRUCT_FILE_INITIALIZER;
  const char *passfile = conn->ctx->config[PUT_DELETE_PASSWORDS_FILE];
  int ret = 0;

  if (passfile != NULL && mg_fopen(conn, passfile, "r", &file)) {
    ret = authorize(conn, &file);
    mg_fclose(&file);
  }

  return ret;
}

int mg_modify_passwords_file(const char *fname, const char *domain,
                             const char *user, const char *pass) {
  int found;
  char line[512], u[512], d[512], ha1[33], tmp[PATH_MAX];
  FILE *fp, *fp2;

  found = 0;
  fp = fp2 = NULL;

  // Regard empty password as no password - remove user record.
  if (pass != NULL && pass[0] == '\0') {
    pass = NULL;
  }

  (void) snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%s.tmp", fname);

  // Create the file if does not exist
  if ((fp = fopen(fname, "a+")) != NULL) {
    (void) fclose(fp);
  }

  // Open the given file and temporary file
  if ((fp = fopen(fname, "r")) == NULL) {
    return 0;
  } else if ((fp2 = fopen(tmp, "w+")) == NULL) {
    fclose(fp);
    return 0;
  }

  // Copy the stuff to temporary file
  while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) != NULL) {
    if (sscanf(line, "%[^:]:%[^:]:%*s", u, d) != 2) {
      continue;
    }

    if (!strcmp(u, user) && !strcmp(d, domain)) {
      found++;
      if (pass != NULL) {
        mg_md5(ha1, user, ":", domain, ":", pass, NULL);
        fprintf(fp2, "%s:%s:%s\n", user, domain, ha1);
      }
    } else {
      fprintf(fp2, "%s", line);
    }
  }

  // If new user, just add it
  if (!found && pass != NULL) {
    mg_md5(ha1, user, ":", domain, ":", pass, NULL);
    fprintf(fp2, "%s:%s:%s\n", user, domain, ha1);
  }

  // Close files
  fclose(fp);
  fclose(fp2);

  // Put the temp file in place of real file
  remove(fname);
  rename(tmp, fname);

  return 1;
}

struct de {
  struct mg_connection *conn;
  char *file_name;
  struct file file;
};

static void url_encode(const char *src, char *dst, size_t dst_len) {
  static const char *dont_escape = "._-$,;~()";
  static const char *hex = "0123456789abcdef";
  const char *end = dst + dst_len - 1;

  for (; *src != '\0' && dst < end; src++, dst++) {
    if (isalnum(*(const unsigned char *) src) ||
        strchr(dont_escape, * (const unsigned char *) src) != NULL) {
      *dst = *src;
    } else if (dst + 2 < end) {
      dst[0] = '%';
      dst[1] = hex[(* (const unsigned char *) src) >> 4];
      dst[2] = hex[(* (const unsigned char *) src) & 0xf];
      dst += 2;
    }
  }

  *dst = '\0';
}

static void print_dir_entry(struct de *de) {
  char size[64], mod[64], href[PATH_MAX];

  if (de->file.is_directory) {
    mg_snprintf(de->conn, size, sizeof(size), "%s", "[DIRECTORY]");
  } else {
     // We use (signed) cast below because MSVC 6 compiler cannot
     // convert unsigned __int64 to double. Sigh.
    if (de->file.size < 1024) {
      mg_snprintf(de->conn, size, sizeof(size), "%d", (int) de->file.size);
    } else if (de->file.size < 0x100000) {
      mg_snprintf(de->conn, size, sizeof(size),
                  "%.1fk", (double) de->file.size / 1024.0);
    } else if (de->file.size < 0x40000000) {
      mg_snprintf(de->conn, size, sizeof(size),
                  "%.1fM", (double) de->file.size / 1048576);
    } else {
      mg_snprintf(de->conn, size, sizeof(size),
                  "%.1fG", (double) de->file.size / 1073741824);
    }
  }
  strftime(mod, sizeof(mod), "%d-%b-%Y %H:%M",
           localtime(&de->file.modification_time));
  url_encode(de->file_name, href, sizeof(href));
  de->conn->num_bytes_sent += mg_printf(de->conn,
      "<tr><td><a href=\"%s%s%s\">%s%s</a></td>"
      "<td>&nbsp;%s</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;%s</td></tr>\n",
      de->conn->request_info.uri, href, de->file.is_directory ? "/" : "",
      de->file_name, de->file.is_directory ? "/" : "", mod, size);
}

// This function is called from send_directory() and used for
// sorting directory entries by size, or name, or modification time.
// On windows, __cdecl specification is needed in case if project is built
// with __stdcall convention. qsort always requires __cdels callback.
static int WINCDECL compare_dir_entries(const void *p1, const void *p2) {
  const struct de *a = (const struct de *) p1, *b = (const struct de *) p2;
  const char *query_string = a->conn->request_info.query_string;
  int cmp_result = 0;

  if (query_string == NULL) {
    query_string = "na";
  }

  if (a->file.is_directory && !b->file.is_directory) {
    return -1;  // Always put directories on top
  } else if (!a->file.is_directory && b->file.is_directory) {
    return 1;   // Always put directories on top
  } else if (*query_string == 'n') {
    cmp_result = strcmp(a->file_name, b->file_name);
  } else if (*query_string == 's') {
    cmp_result = a->file.size == b->file.size ? 0 :
      a->file.size > b->file.size ? 1 : -1;
  } else if (*query_string == 'd') {
    cmp_result = a->file.modification_time == b->file.modification_time ? 0 :
      a->file.modification_time > b->file.modification_time ? 1 : -1;
  }

  return query_string[1] == 'd' ? -cmp_result : cmp_result;
}

static int must_hide_file(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *path) {
  const char *pw_pattern = "**" PASSWORDS_FILE_NAME "$";
  const char *pattern = conn->ctx->config[HIDE_FILES];
  return match_prefix(pw_pattern, strlen(pw_pattern), path) > 0 ||
    (pattern != NULL && match_prefix(pattern, strlen(pattern), path) > 0);
}

static int scan_directory(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *dir,
                          void *data, void (*cb)(struct de *, void *)) {
  char path[PATH_MAX];
  struct dirent *dp;
  DIR *dirp;
  struct de de;

  if ((dirp = opendir(dir)) == NULL) {
    return 0;
  } else {
    de.conn = conn;

    while ((dp = readdir(dirp)) != NULL) {
      // Do not show current dir and hidden files
      if (!strcmp(dp->d_name, ".") ||
          !strcmp(dp->d_name, "..") ||
          must_hide_file(conn, dp->d_name)) {
        continue;
      }

      mg_snprintf(conn, path, sizeof(path), "%s%c%s", dir, '/', dp->d_name);

      // If we don't memset stat structure to zero, mtime will have
      // garbage and strftime() will segfault later on in
      // print_dir_entry(). memset is required only if mg_stat()
      // fails. For more details, see
      // http://code.google.com/p/mongoose/issues/detail?id=79
      // mg_stat will memset the whole struct file with zeroes.
      mg_stat(conn, path, &de.file);

      de.file_name = dp->d_name;
      cb(&de, data);
    }
    (void) closedir(dirp);
  }
  return 1;
}

struct dir_scan_data {
  struct de *entries;
  int num_entries;
  int arr_size;
};

static void dir_scan_callback(struct de *de, void *data) {
  struct dir_scan_data *dsd = (struct dir_scan_data *) data;

  if (dsd->entries == NULL || dsd->num_entries >= dsd->arr_size) {
    dsd->arr_size *= 2;
    dsd->entries = (struct de *) realloc(dsd->entries, dsd->arr_size *
                                         sizeof(dsd->entries[0]));
  }
  if (dsd->entries == NULL) {
    // TODO(lsm): propagate an error to the caller
    dsd->num_entries = 0;
  } else {
    dsd->entries[dsd->num_entries].file_name = mg_strdup(de->file_name);
    dsd->entries[dsd->num_entries].file = de->file;
    dsd->entries[dsd->num_entries].conn = de->conn;
    dsd->num_entries++;
  }
}

static void handle_directory_request(struct mg_connection *conn,
                                     const char *dir) {
  int i, sort_direction;
  struct dir_scan_data data = { NULL, 0, 128 };

  if (!scan_directory(conn, dir, &data, dir_scan_callback)) {
    send_http_error(conn, 500, "Cannot open directory",
                    "Error: opendir(%s): %s", dir, strerror(ERRNO));
    return;
  }

  sort_direction = conn->request_info.query_string != NULL &&
    conn->request_info.query_string[1] == 'd' ? 'a' : 'd';

  conn->must_close = 1;
  mg_printf(conn, "%s",
            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
            "Connection: close\r\n"
            "Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\n\r\n");

  conn->num_bytes_sent += mg_printf(conn,
      "<html><head><title>Index of %s</title>"
      "<style>th {text-align: left;}</style></head>"
      "<body><h1>Index of %s</h1><pre><table cellpadding=\"0\">"
      "<tr><th><a href=\"?n%c\">Name</a></th>"
      "<th><a href=\"?d%c\">Modified</a></th>"
      "<th><a href=\"?s%c\">Size</a></th></tr>"
      "<tr><td colspan=\"3\"><hr></td></tr>",
      conn->request_info.uri, conn->request_info.uri,
      sort_direction, sort_direction, sort_direction);

  // Print first entry - link to a parent directory
  conn->num_bytes_sent += mg_printf(conn,
      "<tr><td><a href=\"%s%s\">%s</a></td>"
      "<td>&nbsp;%s</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;%s</td></tr>\n",
      conn->request_info.uri, "..", "Parent directory", "-", "-");

  // Sort and print directory entries
  qsort(data.entries, (size_t) data.num_entries, sizeof(data.entries[0]),
        compare_dir_entries);
  for (i = 0; i < data.num_entries; i++) {
    print_dir_entry(&data.entries[i]);
    free(data.entries[i].file_name);
  }
  free(data.entries);

  conn->num_bytes_sent += mg_printf(conn, "%s", "</table></body></html>");
  conn->status_code = 200;
}

// Send len bytes from the opened file to the client.
static void send_file_data(struct mg_connection *conn, struct file *filep,
                           int64_t offset, int64_t len) {
  char buf[MG_BUF_LEN];
  int to_read, num_read, num_written;

  if (len > 0 && filep->membuf != NULL && filep->size > 0) {
    if (len > filep->size - offset) {
      len = filep->size - offset;
    }
    mg_write(conn, filep->membuf + offset, (size_t) len);
  } else if (len > 0 && filep->fp != NULL) {
    fseeko(filep->fp, offset, SEEK_SET);
    while (len > 0) {
      // Calculate how much to read from the file in the buffer
      to_read = sizeof(buf);
      if ((int64_t) to_read > len) {
        to_read = (int) len;
      }

      // Read from file, exit the loop on error
      if ((num_read = fread(buf, 1, (size_t) to_read, filep->fp)) <= 0) {
        break;
      }

      // Send read bytes to the client, exit the loop on error
      if ((num_written = mg_write(conn, buf, (size_t) num_read)) != num_read) {
        break;
      }

      // Both read and were successful, adjust counters
      conn->num_bytes_sent += num_written;
      len -= num_written;
    }
  }
}

static int parse_range_header(const char *header, int64_t *a, int64_t *b) {
  return sscanf(header, "bytes=%" INT64_FMT "-%" INT64_FMT, a, b);
}

static void gmt_time_string(char *buf, size_t buf_len, time_t *t) {
  strftime(buf, buf_len, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", gmtime(t));
}

static void construct_etag(char *buf, size_t buf_len,
                           const struct file *filep) {
  snprintf(buf, buf_len, "\"%lx.%" INT64_FMT "\"",
           (unsigned long) filep->modification_time, filep->size);
}

static void fclose_on_exec(struct file *filep) {
  if (filep != NULL && filep->fp != NULL) {
#ifndef _WIN32
    fcntl(fileno(filep->fp), F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
#endif
  }
}

static void handle_file_request(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *path,
                                struct file *filep) {
  char date[64], lm[64], etag[64], range[64];
  const char *msg = "OK", *hdr;
  time_t curtime = time(NULL);
  int64_t cl, r1, r2;
  struct vec mime_vec;
  int n;

  get_mime_type(conn->ctx, path, &mime_vec);
  cl = filep->size;
  conn->status_code = 200;
  range[0] = '\0';

  if (!mg_fopen(conn, path, "rb", filep)) {
    send_http_error(conn, 500, http_500_error,
        "fopen(%s): %s", path, strerror(ERRNO));
    return;
  }
  fclose_on_exec(filep);

  // If Range: header specified, act accordingly
  r1 = r2 = 0;
  hdr = mg_get_header(conn, "Range");
  if (hdr != NULL && (n = parse_range_header(hdr, &r1, &r2)) > 0 &&
      r1 >= 0 && r2 > 0) {
    conn->status_code = 206;
    cl = n == 2 ? (r2 > cl ? cl : r2) - r1 + 1: cl - r1;
    mg_snprintf(conn, range, sizeof(range),
                "Content-Range: bytes "
                "%" INT64_FMT "-%"
                INT64_FMT "/%" INT64_FMT "\r\n",
                r1, r1 + cl - 1, filep->size);
    msg = "Partial Content";
  }

  // Prepare Etag, Date, Last-Modified headers. Must be in UTC, according to
  // http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec3.html#sec3.3
  gmt_time_string(date, sizeof(date), &curtime);
  gmt_time_string(lm, sizeof(lm), &filep->modification_time);
  construct_etag(etag, sizeof(etag), filep);

  (void) mg_printf(conn,
      "HTTP/1.1 %d %s\r\n"
      "Date: %s\r\n"
      "Last-Modified: %s\r\n"
      "Etag: %s\r\n"
      "Content-Type: %.*s\r\n"
      "Content-Length: %" INT64_FMT "\r\n"
      "Connection: %s\r\n"
      "Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n"
      "%s\r\n",
      conn->status_code, msg, date, lm, etag, (int) mime_vec.len,
      mime_vec.ptr, cl, suggest_connection_header(conn), range);

  if (strcmp(conn->request_info.request_method, "HEAD") != 0) {
    send_file_data(conn, filep, r1, cl);
  }
  mg_fclose(filep);
}

void mg_send_file(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *path) {
  struct file file;
  if (mg_stat(conn, path, &file)) {
    handle_file_request(conn, path, &file);
  } else {
    send_http_error(conn, 404, "Not Found", "%s", "File not found");
  }
}


// Parse HTTP headers from the given buffer, advance buffer to the point
// where parsing stopped.
static void parse_http_headers(char **buf, struct mg_request_info *ri) {
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i < (int) ARRAY_SIZE(ri->http_headers); i++) {
    ri->http_headers[i].name = skip_quoted(buf, ":", " ", 0);
    ri->http_headers[i].value = skip(buf, "\r\n");
    if (ri->http_headers[i].name[0] == '\0')
      break;
    ri->num_headers = i + 1;
  }
}

static int is_valid_http_method(const char *method) {
  return !strcmp(method, "GET") || !strcmp(method, "POST") ||
    !strcmp(method, "HEAD") || !strcmp(method, "CONNECT") ||
    !strcmp(method, "PUT") || !strcmp(method, "DELETE") ||
    !strcmp(method, "OPTIONS") || !strcmp(method, "PROPFIND");
}

// Parse HTTP request, fill in mg_request_info structure.
// This function modifies the buffer by NUL-terminating
// HTTP request components, header names and header values.
static int parse_http_message(char *buf, int len, struct mg_request_info *ri) {
  int request_length = get_request_len(buf, len);
  if (request_length > 0) {
    // Reset attributes. DO NOT TOUCH is_ssl, remote_ip, remote_port
    ri->remote_user = ri->request_method = ri->uri = ri->http_version = NULL;
    ri->num_headers = 0;

    buf[request_length - 1] = '\0';

    // RFC says that all initial whitespaces should be ingored
    while (*buf != '\0' && isspace(* (unsigned char *) buf)) {
      buf++;
    }
    ri->request_method = skip(&buf, " ");
    ri->uri = skip(&buf, " ");
    ri->http_version = skip(&buf, "\r\n");
    parse_http_headers(&buf, ri);
  }
  return request_length;
}

static int parse_http_request(char *buf, int len, struct mg_request_info *ri) {
  int result = parse_http_message(buf, len, ri);
  if (result > 0 &&
      is_valid_http_method(ri->request_method) &&
      !strncmp(ri->http_version, "HTTP/", 5)) {
    ri->http_version += 5;   // Skip "HTTP/"
  } else {
    result = -1;
  }
  return result;
}

static int parse_http_response(char *buf, int len, struct mg_request_info *ri) {
  int result = parse_http_message(buf, len, ri);
  return result > 0 && !strncmp(ri->request_method, "HTTP/", 5) ? result : -1;
}

// Keep reading the input (either opened file descriptor fd, or socket sock,
// or SSL descriptor ssl) into buffer buf, until \r\n\r\n appears in the
// buffer (which marks the end of HTTP request). Buffer buf may already
// have some data. The length of the data is stored in nread.
// Upon every read operation, increase nread by the number of bytes read.
static int read_request(FILE *fp, struct mg_connection *conn,
                        char *buf, int bufsiz, int *nread) {
  int request_len, n = 1;

  request_len = get_request_len(buf, *nread);
  while (*nread < bufsiz && request_len == 0 && n > 0) {
    n = pull(fp, conn, buf + *nread, bufsiz - *nread);
    if (n > 0) {
      *nread += n;
      request_len = get_request_len(buf, *nread);
    }
  }

  if (n < 0) {
    // recv() error -> propagate error; do not process a b0rked-with-very-high-probability request
    return -1;
  }
  return request_len;
}

// For given directory path, substitute it to valid index file.
// Return 0 if index file has been found, -1 if not found.
// If the file is found, it's stats is returned in stp.
static int substitute_index_file(struct mg_connection *conn, char *path,
                                 size_t path_len, struct file *filep) {
  const char *list = conn->ctx->config[INDEX_FILES];
  struct file file = STRUCT_FILE_INITIALIZER;
  struct vec filename_vec;
  size_t n = strlen(path);
  int found = 0;

  // The 'path' given to us points to the directory. Remove all trailing
  // directory separator characters from the end of the path, and
  // then append single directory separator character.
  while (n > 0 && path[n - 1] == '/') {
    n--;
  }
  path[n] = '/';

  // Traverse index files list. For each entry, append it to the given
  // path and see if the file exists. If it exists, break the loop
  while ((list = next_option(list, &filename_vec, NULL)) != NULL) {

    // Ignore too long entries that may overflow path buffer
    if (filename_vec.len > path_len - (n + 2))
      continue;

    // Prepare full path to the index file
    mg_strlcpy(path + n + 1, filename_vec.ptr, filename_vec.len + 1);

    // Does it exist?
    if (mg_stat(conn, path, &file)) {
      // Yes it does, break the loop
      *filep = file;
      found = 1;
      break;
    }
  }

  // If no index file exists, restore directory path
  if (!found) {
    path[n] = '\0';
  }

  return found;
}

// Return True if we should reply 304 Not Modified.
static int is_not_modified(const struct mg_connection *conn,
                           const struct file *filep) {
  char etag[64];
  const char *ims = mg_get_header(conn, "If-Modified-Since");
  const char *inm = mg_get_header(conn, "If-None-Match");
  construct_etag(etag, sizeof(etag), filep);
  return (inm != NULL && !mg_strcasecmp(etag, inm)) ||
    (ims != NULL && filep->modification_time <= parse_date_string(ims));
}

static int forward_body_data(struct mg_connection *conn, FILE *fp,
                             SOCKET sock, SSL *ssl) {
  const char *expect, *body;
  char buf[MG_BUF_LEN];
  int to_read, nread, buffered_len, success = 0;

  expect = mg_get_header(conn, "Expect");
  assert(fp != NULL);

  if (conn->content_len == -1) {
    send_http_error(conn, 411, "Length Required", "%s", "");
  } else if (expect != NULL && mg_strcasecmp(expect, "100-continue")) {
    send_http_error(conn, 417, "Expectation Failed", "%s", "");
  } else {
    if (expect != NULL) {
      (void) mg_printf(conn, "%s", "HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\r\n");
    }

    body = conn->buf + conn->request_len + conn->consumed_content;
    buffered_len = &conn->buf[conn->data_len] - body;
    assert(buffered_len >= 0);
    assert(conn->consumed_content == 0);

    if (buffered_len > 0) {
      if ((int64_t) buffered_len > conn->content_len) {
        buffered_len = (int) conn->content_len;
      }
      push(fp, sock, ssl, body, (int64_t) buffered_len);
      conn->consumed_content += buffered_len;
    }

    nread = 0;
    while (conn->consumed_content < conn->content_len) {
      to_read = sizeof(buf);
      if ((int64_t) to_read > conn->content_len - conn->consumed_content) {
        to_read = (int) (conn->content_len - conn->consumed_content);
      }
      nread = pull(NULL, conn, buf, to_read);
      if (nread <= 0 || push(fp, sock, ssl, buf, nread) != nread) {
        break;
      }
      conn->consumed_content += nread;
    }

    if (conn->consumed_content == conn->content_len) {
      success = nread >= 0;
    }

    // Each error code path in this function must send an error
    if (!success) {
      send_http_error(conn, 577, http_500_error, "%s", "");
    }
  }

  return success;
}

#if !defined(NO_CGI)
// This structure helps to create an environment for the spawned CGI program.
// Environment is an array of "VARIABLE=VALUE\0" ASCIIZ strings,
// last element must be NULL.
// However, on Windows there is a requirement that all these VARIABLE=VALUE\0
// strings must reside in a contiguous buffer. The end of the buffer is
// marked by two '\0' characters.
// We satisfy both worlds: we create an envp array (which is vars), all
// entries are actually pointers inside buf.
struct cgi_env_block {
  struct mg_connection *conn;
  char buf[CGI_ENVIRONMENT_SIZE]; // Environment buffer
  int len; // Space taken
  char *vars[MAX_CGI_ENVIR_VARS]; // char **envp
  int nvars; // Number of variables
};

static char *addenv(struct cgi_env_block *block,
                    PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING(const char *fmt), ...)
  PRINTF_ARGS(2, 3);

// Append VARIABLE=VALUE\0 string to the buffer, and add a respective
// pointer into the vars array.
static char *addenv(struct cgi_env_block *block, const char *fmt, ...) {
  int n, space;
  char *added;
  va_list ap;

  // Calculate how much space is left in the buffer
  space = sizeof(block->buf) - block->len - 2;
  assert(space >= 0);

  // Make a pointer to the free space int the buffer
  added = block->buf + block->len;

  // Copy VARIABLE=VALUE\0 string into the free space
  va_start(ap, fmt);
  n = mg_vsnprintf(block->conn, added, (size_t) space, fmt, ap);
  va_end(ap);

  // Make sure we do not overflow buffer and the envp array
  if (n > 0 && n + 1 < space &&
      block->nvars < (int) ARRAY_SIZE(block->vars) - 2) {
    // Append a pointer to the added string into the envp array
    block->vars[block->nvars++] = added;
    // Bump up used length counter. Include \0 terminator
    block->len += n + 1;
  } else {
    cry(block->conn, "%s: CGI env buffer truncated for [%s]", __func__, fmt);
  }

  return added;
}

static void prepare_cgi_environment(struct mg_connection *conn,
                                    const char *prog,
                                    struct cgi_env_block *blk) {
  const char *s, *slash;
  struct vec var_vec;
  char *p, src_addr[20];
  int  i;

  blk->len = blk->nvars = 0;
  blk->conn = conn;
  sockaddr_to_string(src_addr, sizeof(src_addr), &conn->client.rsa);

  addenv(blk, "SERVER_NAME=%s", conn->ctx->config[AUTHENTICATION_DOMAIN]);
  addenv(blk, "SERVER_ROOT=%s", conn->ctx->config[DOCUMENT_ROOT]);
  addenv(blk, "DOCUMENT_ROOT=%s", conn->ctx->config[DOCUMENT_ROOT]);

  // Prepare the environment block
  addenv(blk, "%s", "GATEWAY_INTERFACE=CGI/1.1");
  addenv(blk, "%s", "SERVER_PROTOCOL=HTTP/1.1");
  addenv(blk, "%s", "REDIRECT_STATUS=200"); // For PHP

  // TODO(lsm): fix this for IPv6 case
  addenv(blk, "SERVER_PORT=%d", ntohs(conn->client.lsa.sin.sin_port));

  addenv(blk, "REQUEST_METHOD=%s", conn->request_info.request_method);
  addenv(blk, "REMOTE_ADDR=%s", src_addr);
  addenv(blk, "REMOTE_PORT=%d", conn->request_info.remote_port);
  addenv(blk, "REQUEST_URI=%s", conn->request_info.uri);

  // SCRIPT_NAME
  assert(conn->request_info.uri[0] == '/');
  slash = strrchr(conn->request_info.uri, '/');
  if ((s = strrchr(prog, '/')) == NULL)
    s = prog;
  addenv(blk, "SCRIPT_NAME=%.*s%s", (int) (slash - conn->request_info.uri),
         conn->request_info.uri, s);

  addenv(blk, "SCRIPT_FILENAME=%s", prog);
  addenv(blk, "PATH_TRANSLATED=%s", prog);
  addenv(blk, "HTTPS=%s", conn->ssl == NULL ? "off" : "on");

  if ((s = mg_get_header(conn, "Content-Type")) != NULL)
    addenv(blk, "CONTENT_TYPE=%s", s);

  if (conn->request_info.query_string != NULL)
    addenv(blk, "QUERY_STRING=%s", conn->request_info.query_string);

  if ((s = mg_get_header(conn, "Content-Length")) != NULL)
    addenv(blk, "CONTENT_LENGTH=%s", s);

  if ((s = getenv("PATH")) != NULL)
    addenv(blk, "PATH=%s", s);

  if (conn->path_info != NULL) {
    addenv(blk, "PATH_INFO=%s", conn->path_info);
  }

#if defined(_WIN32)
  if ((s = getenv("COMSPEC")) != NULL) {
    addenv(blk, "COMSPEC=%s", s);
  }
  if ((s = getenv("SYSTEMROOT")) != NULL) {
    addenv(blk, "SYSTEMROOT=%s", s);
  }
  if ((s = getenv("SystemDrive")) != NULL) {
    addenv(blk, "SystemDrive=%s", s);
  }
#else
  if ((s = getenv("LD_LIBRARY_PATH")) != NULL)
    addenv(blk, "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=%s", s);
#endif // _WIN32

  if ((s = getenv("PERLLIB")) != NULL)
    addenv(blk, "PERLLIB=%s", s);

  if (conn->request_info.remote_user != NULL) {
    addenv(blk, "REMOTE_USER=%s", conn->request_info.remote_user);
    addenv(blk, "%s", "AUTH_TYPE=Digest");
  }

  // Add all headers as HTTP_* variables
  for (i = 0; i < conn->request_info.num_headers; i++) {
    p = addenv(blk, "HTTP_%s=%s",
        conn->request_info.http_headers[i].name,
        conn->request_info.http_headers[i].value);

    // Convert variable name into uppercase, and change - to _
    for (; *p != '=' && *p != '\0'; p++) {
      if (*p == '-')
        *p = '_';
      *p = (char) toupper(* (unsigned char *) p);
    }
  }

  // Add user-specified variables
  s = conn->ctx->config[CGI_ENVIRONMENT];
  while ((s = next_option(s, &var_vec, NULL)) != NULL) {
    addenv(blk, "%.*s", (int) var_vec.len, var_vec.ptr);
  }

  blk->vars[blk->nvars++] = NULL;
  blk->buf[blk->len++] = '\0';

  assert(blk->nvars < (int) ARRAY_SIZE(blk->vars));
  assert(blk->len > 0);
  assert(blk->len < (int) sizeof(blk->buf));
}

static void handle_cgi_request(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *prog) {
  int headers_len, data_len, i, fd_stdin[2], fd_stdout[2];
  const char *status, *status_text;
  char buf[16384], *pbuf, dir[PATH_MAX], *p;
  struct mg_request_info ri;
  struct cgi_env_block blk;
  FILE *in, *out;
  struct file fout = STRUCT_FILE_INITIALIZER;
  pid_t pid;

  prepare_cgi_environment(conn, prog, &blk);

  // CGI must be executed in its own directory. 'dir' must point to the
  // directory containing executable program, 'p' must point to the
  // executable program name relative to 'dir'.
  (void) mg_snprintf(conn, dir, sizeof(dir), "%s", prog);
  if ((p = strrchr(dir, '/')) != NULL) {
    *p++ = '\0';
  } else {
    dir[0] = '.', dir[1] = '\0';
    p = (char *) prog;
  }

  pid = (pid_t) -1;
  fd_stdin[0] = fd_stdin[1] = fd_stdout[0] = fd_stdout[1] = -1;
  in = out = NULL;

  if (pipe(fd_stdin) != 0 || pipe(fd_stdout) != 0) {
    send_http_error(conn, 500, http_500_error,
        "Cannot create CGI pipe: %s", strerror(ERRNO));
    goto done;
  }

  pid = spawn_process(conn, p, blk.buf, blk.vars, fd_stdin[0], fd_stdout[1],
                      dir);
  // spawn_process() must close those!
  // If we don't mark them as closed, close() attempt before
  // return from this function throws an exception on Windows.
  // Windows does not like when closed descriptor is closed again.
  fd_stdin[0] = fd_stdout[1] = -1;

  if (pid == (pid_t) -1) {
    send_http_error(conn, 500, http_500_error,
        "Cannot spawn CGI process [%s]: %s", prog, strerror(ERRNO));
    goto done;
  }

  if ((in = fdopen(fd_stdin[1], "wb")) == NULL ||
      (out = fdopen(fd_stdout[0], "rb")) == NULL) {
    send_http_error(conn, 500, http_500_error,
        "fopen: %s", strerror(ERRNO));
    goto done;
  }

  setbuf(in, NULL);
  setbuf(out, NULL);
  fout.fp = out;

  // Send POST data to the CGI process if needed
  if (!strcmp(conn->request_info.request_method, "POST") &&
      !forward_body_data(conn, in, INVALID_SOCKET, NULL)) {
    goto done;
  }

  // Close so child gets an EOF.
  fclose(in);
  in = NULL;
  fd_stdin[1] = -1;

  // Now read CGI reply into a buffer. We need to set correct
  // status code, thus we need to see all HTTP headers first.
  // Do not send anything back to client, until we buffer in all
  // HTTP headers.
  data_len = 0;
  headers_len = read_request(out, conn, buf, sizeof(buf), &data_len);
  if (headers_len <= 0) {
    send_http_error(conn, 500, http_500_error,
                    "CGI program sent malformed or too big (>%u bytes) "
                    "HTTP headers: [%.*s]",
                    (unsigned) sizeof(buf), data_len, buf);
    goto done;
  }
  pbuf = buf;
  buf[headers_len - 1] = '\0';
  parse_http_headers(&pbuf, &ri);

  // Make up and send the status line
  status_text = "OK";
  if ((status = get_header(&ri, "Status")) != NULL) {
    conn->status_code = atoi(status);
    status_text = status;
    while (isdigit(* (unsigned char *) status_text) || *status_text == ' ') {
      status_text++;
    }
  } else if (get_header(&ri, "Location") != NULL) {
    conn->status_code = 302;
  } else {
    conn->status_code = 200;
  }
  if (get_header(&ri, "Connection") != NULL &&
      !mg_strcasecmp(get_header(&ri, "Connection"), "keep-alive")) {
    conn->must_close = 1;
  }
  (void) mg_printf(conn, "HTTP/1.1 %d %s\r\n", conn->status_code,
                   status_text);

  // Send headers
  for (i = 0; i < ri.num_headers; i++) {
    mg_printf(conn, "%s: %s\r\n",
              ri.http_headers[i].name, ri.http_headers[i].value);
  }
  mg_write(conn, "\r\n", 2);

  // Send chunk of data that may have been read after the headers
  conn->num_bytes_sent += mg_write(conn, buf + headers_len,
                                   (size_t)(data_len - headers_len));

  // Read the rest of CGI output and send to the client
  send_file_data(conn, &fout, 0, INT64_MAX);

done:
  if (pid != (pid_t) -1) {
    kill(pid, SIGKILL);
  }
  if (fd_stdin[0] != -1) {
    close(fd_stdin[0]);
  }
  if (fd_stdout[1] != -1) {
    close(fd_stdout[1]);
  }

  if (in != NULL) {
    fclose(in);
  } else if (fd_stdin[1] != -1) {
    close(fd_stdin[1]);
  }

  if (out != NULL) {
    fclose(out);
  } else if (fd_stdout[0] != -1) {
    close(fd_stdout[0]);
  }
}
#endif // !NO_CGI

// For a given PUT path, create all intermediate subdirectories
// for given path. Return 0 if the path itself is a directory,
// or -1 on error, 1 if OK.
static int put_dir(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *path) {
  char buf[PATH_MAX];
  const char *s, *p;
  struct file file;
  int len, res = 1;

  for (s = p = path + 2; (p = strchr(s, '/')) != NULL; s = ++p) {
    len = p - path;
    if (len >= (int) sizeof(buf)) {
      res = -1;
      break;
    }
    memcpy(buf, path, len);
    buf[len] = '\0';

    // Try to create intermediate directory
    DEBUG_TRACE(("mkdir(%s)", buf));
    if (!mg_stat(conn, buf, &file) && mg_mkdir(buf, 0755) != 0) {
      res = -1;
      break;
    }

    // Is path itself a directory?
    if (p[1] == '\0') {
      res = 0;
    }
  }

  return res;
}

static void put_file(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *path) {
  struct file file;
  const char *range;
  int64_t r1, r2;
  int rc;

  conn->status_code = mg_stat(conn, path, &file) ? 200 : 201;

  if ((rc = put_dir(conn, path)) == 0) {
    mg_printf(conn, "HTTP/1.1 %d OK\r\n\r\n", conn->status_code);
  } else if (rc == -1) {
    send_http_error(conn, 500, http_500_error,
                    "put_dir(%s): %s", path, strerror(ERRNO));
  } else if (!mg_fopen(conn, path, "wb+", &file) || file.fp == NULL) {
    mg_fclose(&file);
    send_http_error(conn, 500, http_500_error,
                    "fopen(%s): %s", path, strerror(ERRNO));
  } else {
    fclose_on_exec(&file);
    range = mg_get_header(conn, "Content-Range");
    r1 = r2 = 0;
    if (range != NULL && parse_range_header(range, &r1, &r2) > 0) {
      conn->status_code = 206;
      fseeko(file.fp, r1, SEEK_SET);
    }
    if (forward_body_data(conn, file.fp, INVALID_SOCKET, NULL)) {
      mg_printf(conn, "HTTP/1.1 %d OK\r\n\r\n", conn->status_code);
    }
    mg_fclose(&file);
  }
}

static void send_ssi_file(struct mg_connection *, const char *,
                          struct file *, int);

static void do_ssi_include(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *ssi,
                           char *tag, int include_level) {
  char file_name[MG_BUF_LEN], path[PATH_MAX], *p;
  struct file file;

  // sscanf() is safe here, since send_ssi_file() also uses buffer
  // of size MG_BUF_LEN to get the tag. So strlen(tag) is always < MG_BUF_LEN.
  if (sscanf(tag, " virtual=\"%[^\"]\"", file_name) == 1) {
    // File name is relative to the webserver root
    (void) mg_snprintf(conn, path, sizeof(path), "%s%c%s",
        conn->ctx->config[DOCUMENT_ROOT], '/', file_name);
  } else if (sscanf(tag, " file=\"%[^\"]\"", file_name) == 1) {
    // File name is relative to the webserver working directory
    // or it is absolute system path
    (void) mg_snprintf(conn, path, sizeof(path), "%s", file_name);
  } else if (sscanf(tag, " \"%[^\"]\"", file_name) == 1) {
    // File name is relative to the currect document
    (void) mg_snprintf(conn, path, sizeof(path), "%s", ssi);
    if ((p = strrchr(path, '/')) != NULL) {
      p[1] = '\0';
    }
    (void) mg_snprintf(conn, path + strlen(path),
        sizeof(path) - strlen(path), "%s", file_name);
  } else {
    cry(conn, "Bad SSI #include: [%s]", tag);
    return;
  }

  if (!mg_fopen(conn, path, "rb", &file)) {
    cry(conn, "Cannot open SSI #include: [%s]: fopen(%s): %s",
        tag, path, strerror(ERRNO));
  } else {
    fclose_on_exec(&file);
    if (match_prefix(conn->ctx->config[SSI_EXTENSIONS],
                     strlen(conn->ctx->config[SSI_EXTENSIONS]), path) > 0) {
      send_ssi_file(conn, path, &file, include_level + 1);
    } else {
      send_file_data(conn, &file, 0, INT64_MAX);
    }
    mg_fclose(&file);
  }
}

#if !defined(NO_POPEN)
static void do_ssi_exec(struct mg_connection *conn, char *tag) {
  char cmd[MG_BUF_LEN];
  struct file file = STRUCT_FILE_INITIALIZER;

  if (sscanf(tag, " \"%[^\"]\"", cmd) != 1) {
    cry(conn, "Bad SSI #exec: [%s]", tag);
  } else if ((file.fp = popen(cmd, "r")) == NULL) {
    cry(conn, "Cannot SSI #exec: [%s]: %s", cmd, strerror(ERRNO));
  } else {
    send_file_data(conn, &file, 0, INT64_MAX);
    pclose(file.fp);
  }
}
#endif // !NO_POPEN

static int mg_fgetc(struct file *filep, int offset) {
  if (filep->membuf != NULL && offset >=0 && offset < filep->size) {
    return ((unsigned char *) filep->membuf)[offset];
  } else if (filep->fp != NULL) {
    return fgetc(filep->fp);
  } else {
    return EOF;
  }
}

static void send_ssi_file(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *path,
                          struct file *filep, int include_level) {
  char buf[MG_BUF_LEN];
  int ch, offset, len, in_ssi_tag;

  if (include_level > 10) {
    cry(conn, "SSI #include level is too deep (%s)", path);
    return;
  }

  in_ssi_tag = len = offset = 0;
  while ((ch = mg_fgetc(filep, offset)) != EOF) {
    if (in_ssi_tag && ch == '>') {
      in_ssi_tag = 0;
      buf[len++] = (char) ch;
      buf[len] = '\0';
      assert(len <= (int) sizeof(buf));
      if (len < 6 || memcmp(buf, "<!--#", 5) != 0) {
        // Not an SSI tag, pass it
        (void) mg_write(conn, buf, (size_t) len);
      } else {
        if (!memcmp(buf + 5, "include", 7)) {
          do_ssi_include(conn, path, buf + 12, include_level);
#if !defined(NO_POPEN)
        } else if (!memcmp(buf + 5, "exec", 4)) {
          do_ssi_exec(conn, buf + 9);
#endif // !NO_POPEN
        } else {
          cry(conn, "%s: unknown SSI " "command: \"%s\"", path, buf);
        }
      }
      len = 0;
    } else if (in_ssi_tag) {
      if (len == 5 && memcmp(buf, "<!--#", 5) != 0) {
        // Not an SSI tag
        in_ssi_tag = 0;
      } else if (len == (int) sizeof(buf) - 2) {
        cry(conn, "%s: SSI tag is too large", path);
        len = 0;
      }
      buf[len++] = ch & 0xff;
    } else if (ch == '<') {
      in_ssi_tag = 1;
      if (len > 0) {
        mg_write(conn, buf, (size_t) len);
      }
      len = 0;
      buf[len++] = ch & 0xff;
    } else {
      buf[len++] = ch & 0xff;
      if (len == (int) sizeof(buf)) {
        mg_write(conn, buf, (size_t) len);
        len = 0;
      }
    }
  }

  // Send the rest of buffered data
  if (len > 0) {
    mg_write(conn, buf, (size_t) len);
  }
}

static void handle_ssi_file_request(struct mg_connection *conn,
                                    const char *path) {
  struct file file;

  if (!mg_fopen(conn, path, "rb", &file)) {
    send_http_error(conn, 500, http_500_error, "fopen(%s): %s", path,
                    strerror(ERRNO));
  } else {
    conn->must_close = 1;
    fclose_on_exec(&file);
    mg_printf(conn, "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
              "Content-Type: text/html\r\nConnection: %s\r\n\r\n",
              suggest_connection_header(conn));
    send_ssi_file(conn, path, &file, 0);
    mg_fclose(&file);
  }
}

static void send_options(struct mg_connection *conn) {
  conn->status_code = 200;

  mg_printf(conn, "%s", "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
            "Allow: GET, POST, HEAD, CONNECT, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS\r\n"
            "DAV: 1\r\n\r\n");
}

// Writes PROPFIND properties for a collection element
static void print_props(struct mg_connection *conn, const char* uri,
                        struct file *filep) {
  char mtime[64];
  gmt_time_string(mtime, sizeof(mtime), &filep->modification_time);
  conn->num_bytes_sent += mg_printf(conn,
      "<d:response>"
       "<d:href>%s</d:href>"
       "<d:propstat>"
        "<d:prop>"
         "<d:resourcetype>%s</d:resourcetype>"
         "<d:getcontentlength>%" INT64_FMT "</d:getcontentlength>"
         "<d:getlastmodified>%s</d:getlastmodified>"
        "</d:prop>"
        "<d:status>HTTP/1.1 200 OK</d:status>"
       "</d:propstat>"
      "</d:response>\n",
      uri,
      filep->is_directory ? "<d:collection/>" : "",
      filep->size,
      mtime);
}

static void print_dav_dir_entry(struct de *de, void *data) {
  char href[PATH_MAX];
  struct mg_connection *conn = (struct mg_connection *) data;
  mg_snprintf(conn, href, sizeof(href), "%s%s",
              conn->request_info.uri, de->file_name);
  print_props(conn, href, &de->file);
}

static void handle_propfind(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *path,
                            struct file *filep) {
  const char *depth = mg_get_header(conn, "Depth");

  conn->must_close = 1;
  conn->status_code = 207;
  mg_printf(conn, "HTTP/1.1 207 Multi-Status\r\n"
            "Connection: close\r\n"
            "Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8\r\n\r\n");

  conn->num_bytes_sent += mg_printf(conn,
      "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>"
      "<d:multistatus xmlns:d='DAV:'>\n");

  // Print properties for the requested resource itself
  print_props(conn, conn->request_info.uri, filep);

  // If it is a directory, print directory entries too if Depth is not 0
  if (filep->is_directory &&
      !mg_strcasecmp(conn->ctx->config[ENABLE_DIRECTORY_LISTING], "yes") &&
      (depth == NULL || strcmp(depth, "0") != 0)) {
    scan_directory(conn, path, conn, &print_dav_dir_entry);
  }

  conn->num_bytes_sent += mg_printf(conn, "%s\n", "</d:multistatus>");
}

#if defined(USE_WEBSOCKET)

// START OF SHA-1 code
// Copyright(c) By Steve Reid <steve@edmweb.com>
#define SHA1HANDSOFF
#if defined(__sun)
#include "solarisfixes.h"
#endif
#define rol(value, bits) (((value) << (bits)) | ((value) >> (32 - (bits))))
#if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
#define blk0(i) (block->l[i] = (rol(block->l[i],24)&0xFF00FF00) \
    |(rol(block->l[i],8)&0x00FF00FF))
#elif BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
#define blk0(i) block->l[i]
#else
#error "Endianness not defined!"
#endif
#define blk(i) (block->l[i&15] = rol(block->l[(i+13)&15]^block->l[(i+8)&15] \
    ^block->l[(i+2)&15]^block->l[i&15],1))
#define R0(v,w,x,y,z,i) z+=((w&(x^y))^y)+blk0(i)+0x5A827999+rol(v,5);w=rol(w,30);
#define R1(v,w,x,y,z,i) z+=((w&(x^y))^y)+blk(i)+0x5A827999+rol(v,5);w=rol(w,30);
#define R2(v,w,x,y,z,i) z+=(w^x^y)+blk(i)+0x6ED9EBA1+rol(v,5);w=rol(w,30);
#define R3(v,w,x,y,z,i) z+=(((w|x)&y)|(w&x))+blk(i)+0x8F1BBCDC+rol(v,5);w=rol(w,30);
#define R4(v,w,x,y,z,i) z+=(w^x^y)+blk(i)+0xCA62C1D6+rol(v,5);w=rol(w,30);

typedef struct {
    uint32_t state[5];
    uint32_t count[2];
    unsigned char buffer[64];
} SHA1_CTX;

static void SHA1Transform(uint32_t state[5], const unsigned char buffer[64]) {
  uint32_t a, b, c, d, e;
  typedef union { unsigned char c[64]; uint32_t l[16]; } CHAR64LONG16;

  CHAR64LONG16 block[1];
  memcpy(block, buffer, 64);
  a = state[0];
  b = state[1];
  c = state[2];
  d = state[3];
  e = state[4];
  R0(a,b,c,d,e, 0); R0(e,a,b,c,d, 1); R0(d,e,a,b,c, 2); R0(c,d,e,a,b, 3);
  R0(b,c,d,e,a, 4); R0(a,b,c,d,e, 5); R0(e,a,b,c,d, 6); R0(d,e,a,b,c, 7);
  R0(c,d,e,a,b, 8); R0(b,c,d,e,a, 9); R0(a,b,c,d,e,10); R0(e,a,b,c,d,11);
  R0(d,e,a,b,c,12); R0(c,d,e,a,b,13); R0(b,c,d,e,a,14); R0(a,b,c,d,e,15);
  R1(e,a,b,c,d,16); R1(d,e,a,b,c,17); R1(c,d,e,a,b,18); R1(b,c,d,e,a,19);
  R2(a,b,c,d,e,20); R2(e,a,b,c,d,21); R2(d,e,a,b,c,22); R2(c,d,e,a,b,23);
  R2(b,c,d,e,a,24); R2(a,b,c,d,e,25); R2(e,a,b,c,d,26); R2(d,e,a,b,c,27);
  R2(c,d,e,a,b,28); R2(b,c,d,e,a,29); R2(a,b,c,d,e,30); R2(e,a,b,c,d,31);
  R2(d,e,a,b,c,32); R2(c,d,e,a,b,33); R2(b,c,d,e,a,34); R2(a,b,c,d,e,35);
  R2(e,a,b,c,d,36); R2(d,e,a,b,c,37); R2(c,d,e,a,b,38); R2(b,c,d,e,a,39);
  R3(a,b,c,d,e,40); R3(e,a,b,c,d,41); R3(d,e,a,b,c,42); R3(c,d,e,a,b,43);
  R3(b,c,d,e,a,44); R3(a,b,c,d,e,45); R3(e,a,b,c,d,46); R3(d,e,a,b,c,47);
  R3(c,d,e,a,b,48); R3(b,c,d,e,a,49); R3(a,b,c,d,e,50); R3(e,a,b,c,d,51);
  R3(d,e,a,b,c,52); R3(c,d,e,a,b,53); R3(b,c,d,e,a,54); R3(a,b,c,d,e,55);
  R3(e,a,b,c,d,56); R3(d,e,a,b,c,57); R3(c,d,e,a,b,58); R3(b,c,d,e,a,59);
  R4(a,b,c,d,e,60); R4(e,a,b,c,d,61); R4(d,e,a,b,c,62); R4(c,d,e,a,b,63);
  R4(b,c,d,e,a,64); R4(a,b,c,d,e,65); R4(e,a,b,c,d,66); R4(d,e,a,b,c,67);
  R4(c,d,e,a,b,68); R4(b,c,d,e,a,69); R4(a,b,c,d,e,70); R4(e,a,b,c,d,71);
  R4(d,e,a,b,c,72); R4(c,d,e,a,b,73); R4(b,c,d,e,a,74); R4(a,b,c,d,e,75);
  R4(e,a,b,c,d,76); R4(d,e,a,b,c,77); R4(c,d,e,a,b,78); R4(b,c,d,e,a,79);
  state[0] += a;
  state[1] += b;
  state[2] += c;
  state[3] += d;
  state[4] += e;
  a = b = c = d = e = 0;
  memset(block, '\0', sizeof(block));
}

static void SHA1Init(SHA1_CTX* context) {
  context->state[0] = 0x67452301;
  context->state[1] = 0xEFCDAB89;
  context->state[2] = 0x98BADCFE;
  context->state[3] = 0x10325476;
  context->state[4] = 0xC3D2E1F0;
  context->count[0] = context->count[1] = 0;
}

static void SHA1Update(SHA1_CTX* context, const unsigned char* data,
                       uint32_t len) {
  uint32_t i, j;

  j = context->count[0];
  if ((context->count[0] += len << 3) < j)
    context->count[1]++;
  context->count[1] += (len>>29);
  j = (j >> 3) & 63;
  if ((j + len) > 63) {
    memcpy(&context->buffer[j], data, (i = 64-j));
    SHA1Transform(context->state, context->buffer);
    for ( ; i + 63 < len; i += 64) {
      SHA1Transform(context->state, &data[i]);
    }
    j = 0;
  }
  else i = 0;
  memcpy(&context->buffer[j], &data[i], len - i);
}

static void SHA1Final(unsigned char digest[20], SHA1_CTX* context) {
  unsigned i;
  unsigned char finalcount[8], c;

  for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
    finalcount[i] = (unsigned char)((context->count[(i >= 4 ? 0 : 1)]
                                     >> ((3-(i & 3)) * 8) ) & 255);
  }
  c = 0200;
  SHA1Update(context, &c, 1);
  while ((context->count[0] & 504) != 448) {
    c = 0000;
    SHA1Update(context, &c, 1);
  }
  SHA1Update(context, finalcount, 8);
  for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
    digest[i] = (unsigned char)
      ((context->state[i>>2] >> ((3-(i & 3)) * 8) ) & 255);
  }
  memset(context, '\0', sizeof(*context));
  memset(&finalcount, '\0', sizeof(finalcount));
}
// END OF SHA1 CODE

static void base64_encode(const unsigned char *src, int src_len, char *dst) {
  static const char *b64 =
    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
  int i, j, a, b, c;

  for (i = j = 0; i < src_len; i += 3) {
    a = src[i];
    b = i + 1 >= src_len ? 0 : src[i + 1];
    c = i + 2 >= src_len ? 0 : src[i + 2];

    dst[j++] = b64[a >> 2];
    dst[j++] = b64[((a & 3) << 4) | (b >> 4)];
    if (i + 1 < src_len) {
      dst[j++] = b64[(b & 15) << 2 | (c >> 6)];
    }
    if (i + 2 < src_len) {
      dst[j++] = b64[c & 63];
    }
  }
  while (j % 4 != 0) {
    dst[j++] = '=';
  }
  dst[j++] = '\0';
}

static void send_websocket_handshake(struct mg_connection *conn) {
  static const char *magic = "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11";
  char buf[100], sha[20], b64_sha[sizeof(sha) * 2];
  SHA1_CTX sha_ctx;

  mg_snprintf(conn, buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s",
              mg_get_header(conn, "Sec-WebSocket-Key"), magic);
  SHA1Init(&sha_ctx);
  SHA1Update(&sha_ctx, (unsigned char *) buf, strlen(buf));
  SHA1Final((unsigned char *) sha, &sha_ctx);
  base64_encode((unsigned char *) sha, sizeof(sha), b64_sha);
  mg_printf(conn, "%s%s%s",
            "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n"
            "Upgrade: websocket\r\n"
            "Connection: Upgrade\r\n"
            "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: ", b64_sha, "\r\n\r\n");
}

static void read_websocket(struct mg_connection *conn) {
  unsigned char *mask, *buf = (unsigned char *) conn->buf + conn->request_len;
  int n, len, mask_len, body_len, discard_len;

  for (;;) {
    if ((body_len = conn->data_len - conn->request_len) >= 2) {
      len = buf[1] & 127;
      mask_len = buf[1] & 128 ? 4 : 0;
      if (len < 126) {
        conn->content_len = 2 + mask_len + len;
        mask = buf + 2;
      } else if (len == 126 && body_len >= 4) {
        conn->content_len = 2 + mask_len + ((((int) buf[2]) << 8) + buf[3]);
        mask = buf + 4;
      } else if (body_len >= 10) {
        conn->content_len = 2 + mask_len +
          (((uint64_t) htonl(* (uint32_t *) &buf[2])) << 32) |
          htonl(* (uint32_t *) &buf[6]);
        mask = buf + 10;
      }
    }

    if (conn->content_len > 0) {
      if (call_user(conn, MG_WEBSOCKET_MESSAGE) != NULL) {
        break;  // Callback signalled to exit
      }
      discard_len = conn->content_len > body_len ?
          body_len : (int) conn->content_len;
      memmove(buf, buf + discard_len, conn->data_len - discard_len);
      conn->data_len -= discard_len;
      conn->content_len = conn->consumed_content = 0;
    } else {
      if (wait_until_socket_is_readable(conn) == 0) {
        break;
      }
      n = pull(NULL, conn, conn->buf + conn->data_len,
               conn->buf_size - conn->data_len);
      if (n <= 0) {
        break;
      }
      conn->data_len += n;
    }
  }
}

static void handle_websocket_request(struct mg_connection *conn) {
  if (strcmp(mg_get_header(conn, "Sec-WebSocket-Version"), "13") != 0) {
    send_http_error(conn, 426, "Upgrade Required", "%s", "Upgrade Required");
  } else if (call_user(conn, MG_WEBSOCKET_CONNECT) != NULL) {
    // Callback has returned non-NULL, do not proceed with handshake
  } else {
    send_websocket_handshake(conn);
    call_user(conn, MG_WEBSOCKET_READY);
    read_websocket(conn);
    call_user(conn, MG_WEBSOCKET_CLOSE);
  }
}

static int is_websocket_request(const struct mg_connection *conn) {
  const char *host, *upgrade, *connection, *version, *key;

  host = mg_get_header(conn, "Host");
  upgrade = mg_get_header(conn, "Upgrade");
  connection = mg_get_header(conn, "Connection");
  key = mg_get_header(conn, "Sec-WebSocket-Key");
  version = mg_get_header(conn, "Sec-WebSocket-Version");

  return host != NULL && upgrade != NULL && connection != NULL &&
    key != NULL && version != NULL &&
    strstr(upgrade, "websocket") != NULL &&
    strstr(connection, "Upgrade") != NULL;
}
#endif // !USE_WEBSOCKET

static int isbyte(int n) {
  return n >= 0 && n <= 255;
}

static int parse_net(const char *spec, uint32_t *net, uint32_t *mask) {
  int n, a, b, c, d, slash = 32, len = 0;

  if ((sscanf(spec, "%d.%d.%d.%d/%d%n", &a, &b, &c, &d, &slash, &n) == 5 ||
      sscanf(spec, "%d.%d.%d.%d%n", &a, &b, &c, &d, &n) == 4) &&
      isbyte(a) && isbyte(b) && isbyte(c) && isbyte(d) &&
      slash >= 0 && slash < 33) {
    len = n;
    *net = ((uint32_t)a << 24) | ((uint32_t)b << 16) | ((uint32_t)c << 8) | d;
    *mask = slash ? 0xffffffffU << (32 - slash) : 0;
  }

  return len;
}

static int set_throttle(const char *spec, uint32_t remote_ip, const char *uri) {
  int throttle = 0;
  struct vec vec, val;
  uint32_t net, mask;
  char mult;
  double v;

  while ((spec = next_option(spec, &vec, &val)) != NULL) {
    mult = ',';
    if (sscanf(val.ptr, "%lf%c", &v, &mult) < 1 || v < 0 ||
        (lowercase(&mult) != 'k' && lowercase(&mult) != 'm' && mult != ',')) {
      continue;
    }
    v *= lowercase(&mult) == 'k' ? 1024 : lowercase(&mult) == 'm' ? 1048576 : 1;
    if (vec.len == 1 && vec.ptr[0] == '*') {
      throttle = (int) v;
    } else if (parse_net(vec.ptr, &net, &mask) > 0) {
      if ((remote_ip & mask) == net) {
        throttle = (int) v;
      }
    } else if (match_prefix(vec.ptr, vec.len, uri) > 0) {
      throttle = (int) v;
    }
  }

  return throttle;
}

static uint32_t get_remote_ip(const struct mg_connection *conn) {
  return ntohl(* (uint32_t *) &conn->client.rsa.sin.sin_addr);
}

#ifdef USE_LUA

#ifdef _WIN32
static void *mmap(void *addr, int64_t len, int prot, int flags, int fd,
                  int offset) {
  HANDLE fh = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fd);
  HANDLE mh = CreateFileMapping(fh, 0, PAGE_READONLY, 0, 0, 0);
  void *p = MapViewOfFile(mh, FILE_MAP_READ, 0, 0, (size_t) len);
  CloseHandle(fh);
  CloseHandle(mh);
  return p;
}
#define munmap(x, y)  UnmapViewOfFile(x)
#define MAP_FAILED NULL
#define MAP_PRIVATE 0
#define PROT_READ 0
#else
#include <sys/mman.h>
#endif

static void lsp(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *p, int64_t len,
                lua_State *L) {
  int i, j, pos = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    if (p[i] == '<' && p[i + 1] == '?') {
      for (j = i + 1; j < len ; j++) {
        if (p[j] == '?' && p[j + 1] == '>') {
          mg_write(conn, p + pos, i - pos);
          if (luaL_loadbuffer(L, p + (i + 2), j - (i + 2), "") == LUA_OK) {
            lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0);
          }
          pos = j + 2;
          i = pos - 1;
          break;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  if (i > pos) {
    mg_write(conn, p + pos, i - pos);
  }
}

static int lsp_mg_print(lua_State *L) {
  int i, num_args;
  const char *str;
  size_t size;
  struct mg_connection *conn = lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));

  num_args = lua_gettop(L);
  for (i = 1; i <= num_args; i++) {
    if (lua_isstring(L, i)) {
      str = lua_tolstring(L, i, &size);
      mg_write(conn, str, size);
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

static int lsp_mg_read(lua_State *L) {
  struct mg_connection *conn = lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
  char buf[1024];
  int len = mg_read(conn, buf, sizeof(buf));

  lua_settop(L, 0);
  lua_pushlstring(L, buf, len);

  return 1;
}

static void reg_string(struct lua_State *L, const char *name, const char *val) {
  lua_pushstring(L, name);
  lua_pushstring(L, val);
  lua_rawset(L, -3);
}

static void reg_int(struct lua_State *L, const char *name, int val) {
  lua_pushstring(L, name);
  lua_pushinteger(L, val);
  lua_rawset(L, -3);
}

static void prepare_lua_environment(struct mg_connection *conn, lua_State *L) {
  const struct mg_request_info *ri = mg_get_request_info(conn);
  extern void luaL_openlibs(lua_State *);
  int i;

  luaL_openlibs(L);

  // Register "print" function which calls mg_write()
  lua_pushlightuserdata(L, conn);
  lua_pushcclosure(L, lsp_mg_print, 1);
  lua_setglobal(L, "print");

  // Register mg_read()
  lua_pushlightuserdata(L, conn);
  lua_pushcclosure(L, lsp_mg_read, 1);
  lua_setglobal(L, "read");

  // Export request_info
  lua_newtable(L);
  reg_string(L, "request_method", ri->request_method);
  reg_string(L, "uri", ri->uri);
  reg_string(L, "http_version", ri->http_version);
  reg_string(L, "query_string", ri->query_string);
  reg_int(L, "remote_ip", ri->remote_ip);
  reg_int(L, "remote_port", ri->remote_port);
  reg_int(L, "num_headers", ri->num_headers);
  lua_pushstring(L, "http_headers");
  lua_newtable(L);
  for (i = 0; i < ri->num_headers; i++) {
    reg_string(L, ri->http_headers[i].name, ri->http_headers[i].value);
  }
  lua_rawset(L, -3);
  lua_setglobal(L, "request_info");
}

static void handle_lsp_request(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *path,
                               struct file *filep) {
  void *p = NULL;
  lua_State *L = NULL;

  if (!mg_fopen(conn, path, "r", filep)) {
    send_http_error(conn, 404, "Not Found", "%s", "File not found");
  } else if (filep->membuf == NULL &&
             (p = mmap(NULL, filep->size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE,
                       fileno(filep->fp), 0)) == MAP_FAILED) {
    send_http_error(conn, 500, http_500_error, "%s", "x");
  } else if ((L = luaL_newstate()) == NULL) {
    send_http_error(conn, 500, http_500_error, "%s", "y");
  } else {
    mg_printf(conn, "%s", "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
              "Content-Type: text/html\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n");
    prepare_lua_environment(conn, L);
    conn->request_info.ev_data = L;
    call_user(conn, MG_INIT_LUA);
    lsp(conn, filep->membuf == NULL ? p : filep->membuf, filep->size, L);
  }

  if (L) lua_close(L);
  if (p) munmap(p, filep->size);
  mg_fclose(filep);
}
#endif // USE_LUA

int mg_upload(struct mg_connection *conn, const char *destination_dir) {
  const char *content_type_header, *boundary_start;
  char buf[8192], path[PATH_MAX], fname[1024], boundary[100], *s;
  FILE *fp;
  int bl, n, i, j, headers_len, boundary_len, len = 0, num_uploaded_files = 0;

  // Request looks like this:
  //
  // POST /upload HTTP/1.1
  // Host: 127.0.0.1:8080
  // Content-Length: 244894
  // Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryRVr
  //
  // ------WebKitFormBoundaryRVr
  // Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="accum.png"
  // Content-Type: image/png
  //
  //  <89>PNG
  //  <PNG DATA>
  // ------WebKitFormBoundaryRVr

  // Extract boundary string from the Content-Type header
  if ((content_type_header = mg_get_header(conn, "Content-Type")) == NULL ||
      (boundary_start = strstr(content_type_header, "boundary=")) == NULL ||
      (sscanf(boundary_start, "boundary=\"%99[^\"]\"", boundary) == 0 &&
       sscanf(boundary_start, "boundary=%99s", boundary) == 0) ||
      boundary[0] == '\0') {
    return num_uploaded_files;
  }

  boundary_len = strlen(boundary);
  bl = boundary_len + 4;  // \r\n--<boundary>
  for (;;) {
    // Pull in headers
    assert(len >= 0 && len <= (int) sizeof(buf));
    while ((n = mg_read(conn, buf + len, sizeof(buf) - len)) > 0) {
      len += n;
    }
    if ((headers_len = get_request_len(buf, len)) <= 0) {
      break;
    }

    // Fetch file name.
    fname[0] = '\0';
    for (i = j = 0; i < headers_len; i++) {
      if (buf[i] == '\r' && buf[i + 1] == '\n') {
        buf[i] = buf[i + 1] = '\0';
        // TODO(lsm): don't expect filename to be the 3rd field,
        // parse the header properly instead.
        sscanf(&buf[j], "Content-Disposition: %*s %*s filename=\"%1023[^\"]",
               fname);
        j = i + 2;
      }
    }

    // Give up if the headers are not what we expect
    if (fname[0] == '\0') {
      break;
    }

    // Move data to the beginning of the buffer
    assert(len >= headers_len);
    memmove(buf, &buf[headers_len], len - headers_len);
    len -= headers_len;

    // We open the file with exclusive lock held. This guarantee us
    // there is no other thread can save into the same file simultaneously.
    fp = NULL;
    // Construct destination file name. Do not allow paths to have slashes.
    if ((s = strrchr(fname, '/')) == NULL) {
      s = fname;
    }
    // Open file in binary mode with exclusive lock set
    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", destination_dir, s);
    if ((fp = fopen(path, "wbx")) == NULL) {
      break;
    }

    // Read POST data, write into file until boundary is found.
    n = 0;
    do {
      len += n;
      for (i = 0; i < len - bl; i++) {
        if (!memcmp(&buf[i], "\r\n--", 4) &&
            !memcmp(&buf[i + 4], boundary, boundary_len)) {
          // Found boundary, that's the end of file data.
          (void) fwrite(buf, 1, i, fp);
          num_uploaded_files++;
          conn->request_info.ev_data = (void *) path;
          call_user(conn, MG_UPLOAD);
          memmove(buf, &buf[i + bl], len - (i + bl));
          len -= i + bl;
          break;
        }
      }
      if (len > bl) {
        fwrite(buf, 1, len - bl, fp);
        memmove(buf, &buf[len - bl], len - bl);
        len = bl;
      }
    } while ((n = mg_read(conn, buf + len, sizeof(buf) - len)) > 0);
    fclose(fp);
  }

  return num_uploaded_files;
}

// This is the heart of the Mongoose's logic.
// This function is called when the request is read, parsed and validated,
// and Mongoose must decide what action to take: serve a file, or
// a directory, or call embedded function, etcetera.
static void handle_request(struct mg_connection *conn) {
  struct mg_request_info *ri = &conn->request_info;
  char path[PATH_MAX];
  int uri_len;
  struct file file = STRUCT_FILE_INITIALIZER;

  if ((conn->request_info.query_string = strchr(ri->uri, '?')) != NULL) {
    * ((char *) conn->request_info.query_string++) = '\0';
  }
  uri_len = (int) strlen(ri->uri);
  url_decode(ri->uri, uri_len, (char *) ri->uri, uri_len + 1, 0);
  remove_double_dots_and_double_slashes((char *) ri->uri);
  convert_uri_to_file_name(conn, path, sizeof(path), &file);
  conn->throttle = set_throttle(conn->ctx->config[THROTTLE],
                                get_remote_ip(conn), ri->uri);

  DEBUG_TRACE(("%s", ri->uri));
  if (!check_authorization(conn, path)) {
    send_authorization_request(conn);
#if defined(USE_WEBSOCKET)
  } else if (is_websocket_request(conn)) {
    handle_websocket_request(conn);
#endif
  } else if (call_user(conn, MG_NEW_REQUEST) != NULL) {
    // Do nothing, callback has served the request
  } else if (!strcmp(ri->request_method, "OPTIONS")) {
    send_options(conn);
  } else if (conn->ctx->config[DOCUMENT_ROOT] == NULL) {
    send_http_error(conn, 404, "Not Found", "Not Found");
  } else if ((!strcmp(ri->request_method, "PUT") ||
        !strcmp(ri->request_method, "DELETE")) &&
      (conn->ctx->config[PUT_DELETE_PASSWORDS_FILE] == NULL ||
       is_authorized_for_put(conn) != 1)) {
    send_authorization_request(conn);
  } else if (!strcmp(ri->request_method, "PUT")) {
    put_file(conn, path);
  } else if (!strcmp(ri->request_method, "DELETE")) {
    if (mg_remove(path) == 0) {
      send_http_error(conn, 200, "OK", "%s", "");
    } else {
      send_http_error(conn, 500, http_500_error, "remove(%s): %s", path,
                      strerror(ERRNO));
    }
  } else if ((file.membuf == NULL && file.modification_time == (time_t) 0) ||
             must_hide_file(conn, path)) {
    send_http_error(conn, 404, "Not Found", "%s", "File not found");
  } else if (file.is_directory && ri->uri[uri_len - 1] != '/') {
    mg_printf(conn, "HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently\r\n"
              "Location: %s/\r\n\r\n", ri->uri);
  } else if (!strcmp(ri->request_method, "PROPFIND")) {
    handle_propfind(conn, path, &file);
  } else if (file.is_directory &&
             !substitute_index_file(conn, path, sizeof(path), &file)) {
    if (!mg_strcasecmp(conn->ctx->config[ENABLE_DIRECTORY_LISTING], "yes")) {
      handle_directory_request(conn, path);
    } else {
      send_http_error(conn, 403, "Directory Listing Denied",
          "Directory listing denied");
    }
#ifdef USE_LUA
  } else if (match_prefix("**.lp$", 6, path) > 0) {
    handle_lsp_request(conn, path, &file);
#endif
#if !defined(NO_CGI)
  } else if (match_prefix(conn->ctx->config[CGI_EXTENSIONS],
                          strlen(conn->ctx->config[CGI_EXTENSIONS]),
                          path) > 0) {
    if (strcmp(ri->request_method, "POST") &&
        strcmp(ri->request_method, "GET")) {
      send_http_error(conn, 501, "Not Implemented",
                      "Method %s is not implemented", ri->request_method);
    } else {
      handle_cgi_request(conn, path);
    }
#endif // !NO_CGI
  } else if (match_prefix(conn->ctx->config[SSI_EXTENSIONS],
                          strlen(conn->ctx->config[SSI_EXTENSIONS]),
                          path) > 0) {
    handle_ssi_file_request(conn, path);
  } else if (is_not_modified(conn, &file)) {
    send_http_error(conn, 304, "Not Modified", "%s", "");
  } else {
    handle_file_request(conn, path, &file);
  }
}

static void close_all_listening_sockets(struct mg_context *ctx) {
  struct socket *sp, *tmp;
  for (sp = ctx->listening_sockets; sp != NULL; sp = tmp) {
    tmp = sp->next;
    (void) closesocket(sp->sock);
    free(sp);
  }
}

// Valid listening port specification is: [ip_address:]port[s]
// Examples: 80, 443s, 127.0.0.1:3128, 1.2.3.4:8080s
// TODO(lsm): add parsing of the IPv6 address
static int parse_port_string(const struct vec *vec, struct socket *so) {
  int a, b, c, d, port, len;

  // MacOS needs that. If we do not zero it, subsequent bind() will fail.
  // Also, all-zeroes in the socket address means binding to all addresses
  // for both IPv4 and IPv6 (INADDR_ANY and IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT).
  memset(so, 0, sizeof(*so));

  if (sscanf(vec->ptr, "%d.%d.%d.%d:%d%n", &a, &b, &c, &d, &port, &len) == 5) {
    // Bind to a specific IPv4 address
    so->lsa.sin.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl((a << 24) | (b << 16) | (c << 8) | d);
  } else if (sscanf(vec->ptr, "%d%n", &port, &len) != 1 ||
             len <= 0 ||
             len > (int) vec->len ||
             (vec->ptr[len] && vec->ptr[len] != 's' && vec->ptr[len] != ',')) {
    return 0;
  }

  so->is_ssl = vec->ptr[len] == 's';
#if defined(USE_IPV6)
  so->lsa.sin6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
  so->lsa.sin6.sin6_port = htons((uint16_t) port);
#else
  so->lsa.sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
  so->lsa.sin.sin_port = htons((uint16_t) port);
#endif

  return 1;
}

static int set_ports_option(struct mg_context *ctx) {
  const char *list = ctx->config[LISTENING_PORTS];
  int on = 1, success = 1;
  SOCKET sock;
  struct vec vec;
  struct socket so, *listener;

  while (success && (list = next_option(list, &vec, NULL)) != NULL) {
    if (!parse_port_string(&vec, &so)) {
      cry(fc(ctx), "%s: %.*s: invalid port spec. Expecting list of: %s",
          __func__, (int) vec.len, vec.ptr, "[IP_ADDRESS:]PORT[s|p]");
      success = 0;
    } else if (so.is_ssl &&
               (ctx->ssl_ctx == NULL || ctx->config[SSL_CERTIFICATE] == NULL)) {
      cry(fc(ctx), "Cannot add SSL socket, is -ssl_certificate option set?");
      success = 0;
    } else if ((sock = socket(so.lsa.sa.sa_family, SOCK_STREAM, 6)) ==
               INVALID_SOCKET ||
               // On Windows, SO_REUSEADDR is recommended only for
               // broadcast UDP sockets
               setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const char *) &on,
                          sizeof(on)) != 0 ||
               // Set TCP keep-alive. This is needed because if HTTP-level
               // keep-alive is enabled, and client resets the connection,
               // server won't get TCP FIN or RST and will keep the connection
               // open forever. With TCP keep-alive, next keep-alive
               // handshake will figure out that the client is down and
               // will close the server end.
               // Thanks to Igor Klopov who suggested the patch.
               setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, (char *) &on,
                          sizeof(on)) != 0 ||
               bind(sock, &so.lsa.sa, sizeof(so.lsa)) != 0 ||
               listen(sock, SOMAXCONN) != 0) {
      closesocket(sock);
      cry(fc(ctx), "%s: cannot bind to %.*s: %s", __func__,
          (int) vec.len, vec.ptr, strerror(ERRNO));
      success = 0;
    } else if ((listener = (struct socket *)
                calloc(1, sizeof(*listener))) == NULL) {
      // NOTE(lsm): order is important: call cry before closesocket(),
      // cause closesocket() alters the errno.
      cry(fc(ctx), "%s: %s", __func__, strerror(ERRNO));
      closesocket(sock);
      success = 0;
    } else {
      *listener = so;
      listener->sock = sock;
      set_close_on_exec(listener->sock);
      listener->next = ctx->listening_sockets;
      ctx->listening_sockets = listener;
    }
  }

  if (!success) {
    close_all_listening_sockets(ctx);
  }

  return success;
}

static void log_header(const struct mg_connection *conn, const char *header,
                       FILE *fp) {
  const char *header_value;

  if ((header_value = mg_get_header(conn, header)) == NULL) {
    (void) fprintf(fp, "%s", " -");
  } else {
    (void) fprintf(fp, " \"%s\"", header_value);
  }
}

static void log_access(const struct mg_connection *conn) {
  const struct mg_request_info *ri;
  FILE *fp;
  char date[64], src_addr[20];

  fp = conn->ctx->config[ACCESS_LOG_FILE] == NULL ?  NULL :
    fopen(conn->ctx->config[ACCESS_LOG_FILE], "a+");

  if (fp == NULL)
    return;

  strftime(date, sizeof(date), "%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z",
           localtime(&conn->birth_time));

  ri = &conn->request_info;
  flockfile(fp);

  sockaddr_to_string(src_addr, sizeof(src_addr), &conn->client.rsa);
  fprintf(fp, "%s - %s [%s] \"%s %s HTTP/%s\" %d %" INT64_FMT,
          src_addr, ri->remote_user == NULL ? "-" : ri->remote_user, date,
          ri->request_method ? ri->request_method : "-",
          ri->uri ? ri->uri : "-", ri->http_version,
          conn->status_code, conn->num_bytes_sent);
  log_header(conn, "Referer", fp);
  log_header(conn, "User-Agent", fp);
  fputc('\n', fp);
  fflush(fp);

  funlockfile(fp);
  fclose(fp);
}

// Verify given socket address against the ACL.
// Return -1 if ACL is malformed, 0 if address is disallowed, 1 if allowed.
static int check_acl(struct mg_context *ctx, uint32_t remote_ip) {
  int allowed, flag;
  uint32_t net, mask;
  struct vec vec;
  const char *list = ctx->config[ACCESS_CONTROL_LIST];

  // If any ACL is set, deny by default
  allowed = list == NULL ? '+' : '-';

  while ((list = next_option(list, &vec, NULL)) != NULL) {
    flag = vec.ptr[0];
    if ((flag != '+' && flag != '-') ||
        parse_net(&vec.ptr[1], &net, &mask) == 0) {
      cry(fc(ctx), "%s: subnet must be [+|-]x.x.x.x[/x]", __func__);
      return -1;
    }

    if (net == (remote_ip & mask)) {
      allowed = flag;
    }
  }

  return allowed == '+';
}

static void add_to_set(SOCKET fd, fd_set *set, int *max_fd) {
  FD_SET(fd, set);
  if (fd > (SOCKET) *max_fd) {
    *max_fd = (int) fd;
  }
}

#if !defined(_WIN32)
static int set_uid_option(struct mg_context *ctx) {
  struct passwd *pw;
  const char *uid = ctx->config[RUN_AS_USER];
  int success = 0;

  if (uid == NULL) {
    success = 1;
  } else {
    if ((pw = getpwnam(uid)) == NULL) {
      cry(fc(ctx), "%s: unknown user [%s]", __func__, uid);
    } else if (setgid(pw->pw_gid) == -1) {
      cry(fc(ctx), "%s: setgid(%s): %s", __func__, uid, strerror(errno));
    } else if (setuid(pw->pw_uid) == -1) {
      cry(fc(ctx), "%s: setuid(%s): %s", __func__, uid, strerror(errno));
    } else {
      success = 1;
    }
  }

  return success;
}
#endif // !_WIN32

#if !defined(NO_SSL)
static pthread_mutex_t *ssl_mutexes;

// Return OpenSSL error message
static const char *ssl_error(void) {
  unsigned long err;
  err = ERR_get_error();
  return err == 0 ? "" : ERR_error_string(err, NULL);
}

static void ssl_locking_callback(int mode, int mutex_num, const char *file,
                                 int line) {
  line = 0;    // Unused
  file = NULL; // Unused

  if (mode & CRYPTO_LOCK) {
    (void) pthread_mutex_lock(&ssl_mutexes[mutex_num]);
  } else {
    (void) pthread_mutex_unlock(&ssl_mutexes[mutex_num]);
  }
}

static unsigned long ssl_id_callback(void) {
  return (unsigned long) pthread_self();
}

#if !defined(NO_SSL_DL)
static int load_dll(struct mg_context *ctx, const char *dll_name,
                    struct ssl_func *sw) {
  union {void *p; void (*fp)(void);} u;
  void  *dll_handle;
  struct ssl_func *fp;

  if ((dll_handle = dlopen(dll_name, RTLD_LAZY)) == NULL) {
    cry(fc(ctx), "%s: cannot load %s", __func__, dll_name);
    return 0;
  }

  for (fp = sw; fp->name != NULL; fp++) {
#ifdef _WIN32
    // GetProcAddress() returns pointer to function
    u.fp = (void (*)(void)) dlsym(dll_handle, fp->name);
#else
    // dlsym() on UNIX returns void *. ISO C forbids casts of data pointers to
    // function pointers. We need to use a union to make a cast.
    u.p = dlsym(dll_handle, fp->name);
#endif // _WIN32
    if (u.fp == NULL) {
      cry(fc(ctx), "%s: %s: cannot find %s", __func__, dll_name, fp->name);
      return 0;
    } else {
      fp->ptr = u.fp;
    }
  }

  return 1;
}
#endif // NO_SSL_DL

// Dynamically load SSL library. Set up ctx->ssl_ctx pointer.
static int set_ssl_option(struct mg_context *ctx) {
  struct mg_connection *conn;
  int i, size;
  const char *pem;

  // If PEM file is not specified, skip SSL initialization.
  if ((pem = ctx->config[SSL_CERTIFICATE]) == NULL) {
    return 1;
  }

#if !defined(NO_SSL_DL)
  if (!load_dll(ctx, SSL_LIB, ssl_sw) ||
      !load_dll(ctx, CRYPTO_LIB, crypto_sw)) {
    return 0;
  }
#endif // NO_SSL_DL

  // Initialize SSL crap
  SSL_library_init();
  SSL_load_error_strings();

  if ((ctx->client_ssl_ctx = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_client_method())) == NULL) {
    cry(fc(ctx), "SSL_CTX_new (client) error: %s", ssl_error());
  }

  if ((ctx->ssl_ctx = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_server_method())) == NULL) {
    cry(fc(ctx), "SSL_CTX_new (server) error: %s", ssl_error());
    return 0;
  }

  // If user callback returned non-NULL, that means that user callback has
  // set up certificate itself. In this case, skip sertificate setting.
  conn = fc(ctx);
  conn->request_info.ev_data = ctx->ssl_ctx;
  if (call_user(conn, MG_INIT_SSL) == NULL &&
      (SSL_CTX_use_certificate_file(ctx->ssl_ctx, pem, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) == 0 ||
       SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(ctx->ssl_ctx, pem, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) == 0)) {
    cry(fc(ctx), "%s: cannot open %s: %s", __func__, pem, ssl_error());
    return 0;
  }

  if (pem != NULL) {
    (void) SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file(ctx->ssl_ctx, pem);
  }

  // Initialize locking callbacks, needed for thread safety.
  // http://www.openssl.org/support/faq.html#PROG1
  size = sizeof(pthread_mutex_t) * CRYPTO_num_locks();
  if ((ssl_mutexes = (pthread_mutex_t *) malloc((size_t)size)) == NULL) {
    cry(fc(ctx), "%s: cannot allocate mutexes: %s", __func__, ssl_error());
    return 0;
  }

  for (i = 0; i < CRYPTO_num_locks(); i++) {
    pthread_mutex_init(&ssl_mutexes[i], NULL);
  }

  CRYPTO_set_locking_callback(&ssl_locking_callback);
  CRYPTO_set_id_callback(&ssl_id_callback);

  return 1;
}

static void uninitialize_ssl(struct mg_context *ctx) {
  int i;
  if (ctx->ssl_ctx != NULL) {
    CRYPTO_set_locking_callback(NULL);
    for (i = 0; i < CRYPTO_num_locks(); i++) {
      pthread_mutex_destroy(&ssl_mutexes[i]);
    }
    CRYPTO_set_locking_callback(NULL);
    CRYPTO_set_id_callback(NULL);
  }
}
#endif // !NO_SSL

static int set_gpass_option(struct mg_context *ctx) {
  struct file file;
  const char *path = ctx->config[GLOBAL_PASSWORDS_FILE];
  if (path != NULL && !mg_stat(fc(ctx), path, &file)) {
    cry(fc(ctx), "Cannot open %s: %s", path, strerror(ERRNO));
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}

static int set_acl_option(struct mg_context *ctx) {
  return check_acl(ctx, (uint32_t) 0x7f000001UL) != -1;
}

static void reset_per_request_attributes(struct mg_connection *conn) {
  conn->path_info = conn->request_info.ev_data = NULL;
  conn->num_bytes_sent = conn->consumed_content = 0;
  conn->status_code = -1;
  conn->must_close = conn->request_len = conn->throttle = 0;
}

static void close_socket_gracefully(struct mg_connection *conn) {
  char buf[MG_BUF_LEN];
  struct linger linger;
  int n, sock = conn->client.sock;

  // Set linger option to avoid socket hanging out after close. This prevent
  // ephemeral port exhaust problem under high QPS.
  linger.l_onoff = 1;
  linger.l_linger = 1;
  setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, (char *) &linger, sizeof(linger));

  // Send FIN to the client
  (void) shutdown(sock, SHUT_WR);
  set_non_blocking_mode(sock);

  // Read and discard pending incoming data. If we do not do that and close the
  // socket, the data in the send buffer may be discarded. This
  // behaviour is seen on Windows, when client keeps sending data
  // when server decides to close the connection; then when client
  // does recv() it gets no data back.
  do {
    n = pull(NULL, conn, buf, sizeof(buf));
  } while (n > 0);

  // Now we know that our FIN is ACK-ed, safe to close
  (void) closesocket(sock);
}

static void close_connection(struct mg_connection *conn) {
  conn->must_close = 1;

  if (conn->ssl) {
    SSL_free(conn->ssl);
    conn->ssl = NULL;
  }

  if (conn->client.sock != INVALID_SOCKET) {
    close_socket_gracefully(conn);
  }
}

void mg_close_connection(struct mg_connection *conn) {
  close_connection(conn);
  free(conn);
}

struct mg_connection *mg_connect(struct mg_context *ctx,
                                 const char *host, int port, int use_ssl) {
  struct mg_connection *newconn = NULL;
  struct sockaddr_in sin;
  struct hostent *he;
  int sock;

  if (use_ssl && (ctx == NULL || ctx->client_ssl_ctx == NULL)) {
    cry(fc(ctx), "%s: SSL is not initialized", __func__);
  } else if ((he = gethostbyname(host)) == NULL) {
    cry(fc(ctx), "%s: gethostbyname(%s): %s", __func__, host, strerror(ERRNO));
  } else if ((sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == INVALID_SOCKET) {
    cry(fc(ctx), "%s: socket: %s", __func__, strerror(ERRNO));
  } else {
    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_port = htons((uint16_t) port);
    sin.sin_addr = * (struct in_addr *) he->h_addr_list[0];
    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &sin, sizeof(sin)) != 0) {
      cry(fc(ctx), "%s: connect(%s:%d): %s", __func__, host, port,
          strerror(ERRNO));
      closesocket(sock);
    } else if ((newconn = (struct mg_connection *)
                calloc(1, sizeof(*newconn))) == NULL) {
      cry(fc(ctx), "%s: calloc: %s", __func__, strerror(ERRNO));
      closesocket(sock);
    } else {
      newconn->ctx = ctx;
      newconn->client.sock = sock;
      newconn->client.rsa.sin = sin;
      newconn->client.is_ssl = use_ssl;
      if (use_ssl) {
        sslize(newconn, ctx->client_ssl_ctx, SSL_connect);
      }
    }
  }

  return newconn;
}

FILE *mg_fetch(struct mg_context *ctx, const char *url, const char *path,
               char *buf, size_t buf_len, struct mg_request_info *ri) {
  struct mg_connection *newconn;
  int n, req_length, data_length, port;
  char host[1025], proto[10], buf2[MG_BUF_LEN];
  FILE *fp = NULL;

  if (sscanf(url, "%9[htps]://%1024[^:]:%d/%n", proto, host, &port, &n) == 3) {
  } else if (sscanf(url, "%9[htps]://%1024[^/]/%n", proto, host, &n) == 2) {
    port = mg_strcasecmp(proto, "https") == 0 ? 443 : 80;
  } else {
    cry(fc(ctx), "%s: invalid URL: [%s]", __func__, url);
    return NULL;
  }

  if ((newconn = mg_connect(ctx, host, port,
                            !strcmp(proto, "https"))) == NULL) {
    cry(fc(ctx), "%s: mg_connect(%s): %s", __func__, url, strerror(ERRNO));
  } else {
    mg_printf(newconn, "GET /%s HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: %s\r\n\r\n", url + n, host);
    data_length = 0;
    req_length = read_request(NULL, newconn, buf, buf_len, &data_length);
    if (req_length <= 0) {
      cry(fc(ctx), "%s(%s): invalid HTTP reply", __func__, url);
    } else if (parse_http_response(buf, req_length, ri) <= 0) {
      cry(fc(ctx), "%s(%s): cannot parse HTTP headers", __func__, url);
    } else if ((fp = fopen(path, "w+b")) == NULL) {
      cry(fc(ctx), "%s: fopen(%s): %s", __func__, path, strerror(ERRNO));
    } else {
      // Write chunk of data that may be in the user's buffer
      data_length -= req_length;
      if (data_length > 0 &&
        fwrite(buf + req_length, 1, data_length, fp) != (size_t) data_length) {
        cry(fc(ctx), "%s: fwrite(%s): %s", __func__, path, strerror(ERRNO));
        fclose(fp);
        fp = NULL;
      }
      // Read the rest of the response and write it to the file. Do not use
      // mg_read() cause we didn't set newconn->content_len properly.
      while (fp && (data_length = pull(0, newconn, buf2, sizeof(buf2))) > 0) {
        if (fwrite(buf2, 1, data_length, fp) != (size_t) data_length) {
          cry(fc(ctx), "%s: fwrite(%s): %s", __func__, path, strerror(ERRNO));
          fclose(fp);
          fp = NULL;
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    mg_close_connection(newconn);
  }

  return fp;
}

static int is_valid_uri(const char *uri) {
  // Conform to http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec5.html#sec5.1.2
  // URI can be an asterisk (*) or should start with slash.
  return uri[0] == '/' || (uri[0] == '*' && uri[1] == '\0');
}

static void process_new_connection(struct mg_connection *conn) {
  struct mg_request_info *ri = &conn->request_info;
  int keep_alive_enabled, discard_len;
  const char *cl;

  keep_alive_enabled = !strcmp(conn->ctx->config[ENABLE_KEEP_ALIVE], "yes");

  // Important: on new connection, reset the receiving buffer. Credit goes
  // to crule42.
  conn->data_len = 0;
  do {
    reset_per_request_attributes(conn);
    conn->request_len = read_request(NULL, conn, conn->buf, conn->buf_size,
                                     &conn->data_len);
    assert(conn->request_len < 0 || conn->data_len >= conn->request_len);
    if (conn->request_len == 0 && conn->data_len == conn->buf_size) {
      send_http_error(conn, 413, "Request Too Large", "%s", "");
      return;
    } if (conn->request_len <= 0) {
      return;  // Remote end closed the connection
    }
    if (parse_http_request(conn->buf, conn->buf_size, ri) <= 0 ||
        !is_valid_uri(ri->uri)) {
      // Do not put garbage in the access log, just send it back to the client
      send_http_error(conn, 400, "Bad Request",
          "Cannot parse HTTP request: [%.*s]", conn->data_len, conn->buf);
      conn->must_close = 1;
    } else if (strcmp(ri->http_version, "1.0") &&
               strcmp(ri->http_version, "1.1")) {
      // Request seems valid, but HTTP version is strange
      send_http_error(conn, 505, "HTTP version not supported", "%s", "");
      log_access(conn);
    } else {
      // Request is valid, handle it
      if ((cl = get_header(ri, "Content-Length")) != NULL) {
        conn->content_len = strtoll(cl, NULL, 10);
      } else if (!mg_strcasecmp(ri->request_method, "POST") ||
                 !mg_strcasecmp(ri->request_method, "PUT")) {
        conn->content_len = -1;
      } else {
        conn->content_len = 0;
      }
      conn->birth_time = time(NULL);
      handle_request(conn);
      call_user(conn, MG_REQUEST_COMPLETE);
      log_access(conn);
    }
    if (ri->remote_user != NULL) {
      free((void *) ri->remote_user);
    }

    // Discard all buffered data for this request
    discard_len = conn->content_len >= 0 &&
      conn->request_len + conn->content_len < (int64_t) conn->data_len ?
      (int) (conn->request_len + conn->content_len) : conn->data_len;
    memmove(conn->buf, conn->buf + discard_len, conn->data_len - discard_len);
    conn->data_len -= discard_len;
    assert(conn->data_len >= 0);
    assert(conn->data_len <= conn->buf_size);

  } while (conn->ctx->stop_flag == 0 &&
           keep_alive_enabled &&
           conn->content_len >= 0 &&
           should_keep_alive(conn));
}

// Worker threads take accepted socket from the queue
static int consume_socket(struct mg_context *ctx, struct socket *sp) {
  (void) pthread_mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
  DEBUG_TRACE(("going idle"));

  // If the queue is empty, wait. We're idle at this point.
  while (ctx->sq_head == ctx->sq_tail && ctx->stop_flag == 0) {
    pthread_cond_wait(&ctx->sq_full, &ctx->mutex);
  }

  // If we're stopping, sq_head may be equal to sq_tail.
  if (ctx->sq_head > ctx->sq_tail) {
    // Copy socket from the queue and increment tail
    *sp = ctx->queue[ctx->sq_tail % ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->queue)];
    ctx->sq_tail++;
    DEBUG_TRACE(("grabbed socket %d, going busy", sp->sock));

    // Wrap pointers if needed
    while (ctx->sq_tail > (int) ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->queue)) {
      ctx->sq_tail -= ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->queue);
      ctx->sq_head -= ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->queue);
    }
  }

  (void) pthread_cond_signal(&ctx->sq_empty);
  (void) pthread_mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);

  return !ctx->stop_flag;
}

static void worker_thread(struct mg_context *ctx) {
  struct mg_connection *conn;

  conn = (struct mg_connection *) calloc(1, sizeof(*conn) + MAX_REQUEST_SIZE);
  if (conn == NULL) {
    cry(fc(ctx), "%s", "Cannot create new connection struct, OOM");
  } else {
    conn->buf_size = MAX_REQUEST_SIZE;
    conn->buf = (char *) (conn + 1);

    // Call consume_socket() even when ctx->stop_flag > 0, to let it signal
    // sq_empty condvar to wake up the master waiting in produce_socket()
    while (consume_socket(ctx, &conn->client)) {
      conn->birth_time = time(NULL);
      conn->ctx = ctx;

      // Fill in IP, port info early so even if SSL setup below fails,
      // error handler would have the corresponding info.
      // Thanks to Johannes Winkelmann for the patch.
      // TODO(lsm): Fix IPv6 case
      conn->request_info.remote_port = ntohs(conn->client.rsa.sin.sin_port);
      memcpy(&conn->request_info.remote_ip,
             &conn->client.rsa.sin.sin_addr.s_addr, 4);
      conn->request_info.remote_ip = ntohl(conn->request_info.remote_ip);
      conn->request_info.is_ssl = conn->client.is_ssl;

      if (!conn->client.is_ssl ||
          (conn->client.is_ssl &&
           sslize(conn, conn->ctx->ssl_ctx, SSL_accept))) {
        process_new_connection(conn);
      }

      close_connection(conn);
    }
    free(conn);
  }

  // Signal master that we're done with connection and exiting
  (void) pthread_mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
  ctx->num_threads--;
  (void) pthread_cond_signal(&ctx->cond);
  assert(ctx->num_threads >= 0);
  (void) pthread_mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);

  DEBUG_TRACE(("exiting"));
}

// Master thread adds accepted socket to a queue
static void produce_socket(struct mg_context *ctx, const struct socket *sp) {
  (void) pthread_mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);

  // If the queue is full, wait
  while (ctx->stop_flag == 0 &&
         ctx->sq_head - ctx->sq_tail >= (int) ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->queue)) {
    (void) pthread_cond_wait(&ctx->sq_empty, &ctx->mutex);
  }

  if (ctx->sq_head - ctx->sq_tail < (int) ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->queue)) {
    // Copy socket to the queue and increment head
    ctx->queue[ctx->sq_head % ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->queue)] = *sp;
    ctx->sq_head++;
    DEBUG_TRACE(("queued socket %d", sp->sock));
  }

  (void) pthread_cond_signal(&ctx->sq_full);
  (void) pthread_mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
}

static void accept_new_connection(const struct socket *listener,
                                  struct mg_context *ctx) {
  struct socket accepted;
  char src_addr[20];
  socklen_t len;
  int allowed;

  len = sizeof(accepted.rsa);
  accepted.lsa = listener->lsa;
  accepted.sock = accept(listener->sock, &accepted.rsa.sa, &len);
  if (accepted.sock != INVALID_SOCKET) {
    allowed = check_acl(ctx, ntohl(* (uint32_t *) &accepted.rsa.sin.sin_addr));
    if (allowed) {
      // Put accepted socket structure into the queue
      DEBUG_TRACE(("accepted socket %d", accepted.sock));
      accepted.is_ssl = listener->is_ssl;
      produce_socket(ctx, &accepted);
    } else {
      sockaddr_to_string(src_addr, sizeof(src_addr), &accepted.rsa);
      cry(fc(ctx), "%s: %s is not allowed to connect", __func__, src_addr);
      (void) closesocket(accepted.sock);
    }
  }
}

static void master_thread(struct mg_context *ctx) {
  fd_set read_set;
  struct timeval tv;
  struct socket *sp;
  int max_fd;

  // Increase priority of the master thread
#if defined(_WIN32)
  SetThreadPriority(GetCurrentThread(), THREAD_PRIORITY_ABOVE_NORMAL);
#endif

#if defined(ISSUE_317)
  struct sched_param sched_param;
  sched_param.sched_priority = sched_get_priority_max(SCHED_RR);
  pthread_setschedparam(pthread_self(), SCHED_RR, &sched_param);
#endif

  while (ctx->stop_flag == 0) {
    FD_ZERO(&read_set);
    max_fd = -1;

    // Add listening sockets to the read set
    for (sp = ctx->listening_sockets; sp != NULL; sp = sp->next) {
      add_to_set(sp->sock, &read_set, &max_fd);
    }

    tv.tv_sec = 0;
    tv.tv_usec = 200 * 1000;

    if (select(max_fd + 1, &read_set, NULL, NULL, &tv) < 0) {
#ifdef _WIN32
      // On windows, if read_set and write_set are empty,
      // select() returns "Invalid parameter" error
      // (at least on my Windows XP Pro). So in this case, we sleep here.
      mg_sleep(1000);
#endif // _WIN32
    } else {
      for (sp = ctx->listening_sockets; sp != NULL; sp = sp->next) {
        if (ctx->stop_flag == 0 && FD_ISSET(sp->sock, &read_set)) {
          accept_new_connection(sp, ctx);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  DEBUG_TRACE(("stopping workers"));

  // Stop signal received: somebody called mg_stop. Quit.
  close_all_listening_sockets(ctx);

  // Wakeup workers that are waiting for connections to handle.
  pthread_cond_broadcast(&ctx->sq_full);

  // Wait until all threads finish
  (void) pthread_mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
  while (ctx->num_threads > 0) {
    (void) pthread_cond_wait(&ctx->cond, &ctx->mutex);
  }
  (void) pthread_mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);

  // All threads exited, no sync is needed. Destroy mutex and condvars
  (void) pthread_mutex_destroy(&ctx->mutex);
  (void) pthread_cond_destroy(&ctx->cond);
  (void) pthread_cond_destroy(&ctx->sq_empty);
  (void) pthread_cond_destroy(&ctx->sq_full);

#if !defined(NO_SSL)
  uninitialize_ssl(ctx);
#endif
  DEBUG_TRACE(("exiting"));

  // Signal mg_stop() that we're done.
  // WARNING: This must be the very last thing this
  // thread does, as ctx becomes invalid after this line.
  ctx->stop_flag = 2;
}

static void free_context(struct mg_context *ctx) {
  int i;

  // Deallocate config parameters
  for (i = 0; i < NUM_OPTIONS; i++) {
    if (ctx->config[i] != NULL)
      free(ctx->config[i]);
  }

  // Deallocate SSL context
  if (ctx->ssl_ctx != NULL) {
    SSL_CTX_free(ctx->ssl_ctx);
  }
  if (ctx->client_ssl_ctx != NULL) {
    SSL_CTX_free(ctx->client_ssl_ctx);
  }
#ifndef NO_SSL
  if (ssl_mutexes != NULL) {
    free(ssl_mutexes);
    ssl_mutexes = NULL;
  }
#endif // !NO_SSL

  // Deallocate context itself
  free(ctx);
}

void mg_stop(struct mg_context *ctx) {
  ctx->stop_flag = 1;

  // Wait until mg_fini() stops
  while (ctx->stop_flag != 2) {
    (void) mg_sleep(10);
  }
  free_context(ctx);

#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__SYMBIAN32__)
  (void) WSACleanup();
#endif // _WIN32
}

struct mg_context *mg_start(mg_callback_t user_callback, void *user_data,
                            const char **options) {
  struct mg_context *ctx;
  const char *name, *value, *default_value;
  int i;

#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__SYMBIAN32__)
  WSADATA data;
  WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &data);
  InitializeCriticalSection(&global_log_file_lock);
#endif // _WIN32

  // Allocate context and initialize reasonable general case defaults.
  // TODO(lsm): do proper error handling here.
  if ((ctx = (struct mg_context *) calloc(1, sizeof(*ctx))) == NULL) {
    return NULL;
  }
  ctx->user_callback = user_callback;
  ctx->user_data = user_data;

  while (options && (name = *options++) != NULL) {
    if ((i = get_option_index(name)) == -1) {
      cry(fc(ctx), "Invalid option: %s", name);
      free_context(ctx);
      return NULL;
    } else if ((value = *options++) == NULL) {
      cry(fc(ctx), "%s: option value cannot be NULL", name);
      free_context(ctx);
      return NULL;
    }
    if (ctx->config[i] != NULL) {
      cry(fc(ctx), "warning: %s: duplicate option", name);
      free(ctx->config[i]);
    }
    ctx->config[i] = mg_strdup(value);
    DEBUG_TRACE(("[%s] -> [%s]", name, value));
  }

  // Set default value if needed
  for (i = 0; config_options[i * ENTRIES_PER_CONFIG_OPTION] != NULL; i++) {
    default_value = config_options[i * ENTRIES_PER_CONFIG_OPTION + 2];
    if (ctx->config[i] == NULL && default_value != NULL) {
      ctx->config[i] = mg_strdup(default_value);
      DEBUG_TRACE(("Setting default: [%s] -> [%s]",
                   config_options[i * ENTRIES_PER_CONFIG_OPTION + 1],
                   default_value));
    }
  }

  // NOTE(lsm): order is important here. SSL certificates must
  // be initialized before listening ports. UID must be set last.
  if (!set_gpass_option(ctx) ||
#if !defined(NO_SSL)
      !set_ssl_option(ctx) ||
#endif
      !set_ports_option(ctx) ||
#if !defined(_WIN32)
      !set_uid_option(ctx) ||
#endif
      !set_acl_option(ctx)) {
    free_context(ctx);
    return NULL;
  }

#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__SYMBIAN32__)
  // Ignore SIGPIPE signal, so if browser cancels the request, it
  // won't kill the whole process.
  (void) signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
  // Also ignoring SIGCHLD to let the OS to reap zombies properly.
  (void) signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);
#endif // !_WIN32

  (void) pthread_mutex_init(&ctx->mutex, NULL);
  (void) pthread_cond_init(&ctx->cond, NULL);
  (void) pthread_cond_init(&ctx->sq_empty, NULL);
  (void) pthread_cond_init(&ctx->sq_full, NULL);

  // Start master (listening) thread
  mg_start_thread((mg_thread_func_t) master_thread, ctx);

  // Start worker threads
  for (i = 0; i < atoi(ctx->config[NUM_THREADS]); i++) {
    if (mg_start_thread((mg_thread_func_t) worker_thread, ctx) != 0) {
      cry(fc(ctx), "Cannot start worker thread: %d", ERRNO);
    } else {
      ctx->num_threads++;
    }
  }

  return ctx;
}